In one aspect, compounds modulating sirtuin activity are described herein. Sirtuin modulation by compounds described herein includes sirtuin activation and sirtuin inhibition. Modulation of sirtuin activity includes sirtuin activation and/or sirtuin inhibition. In some embodiments, a sirtuin modulating compound and/or salt thereof is of Formula I described herein.

In one aspect, compounds modulating sirtuin activity are described herein. Sirtuin modulation by compounds described herein includes sirtuin activation and sirtuin inhibition. Modulation of sirtuin activity includes sirtuin activation and/or sirtuin inhibition. In some embodiments, a sirtuin modulating compound and/or salt thereof is of Formula I described herein.

In one aspect, compounds modulating sirtuin activity are described herein. Sirtuin modulation by compounds described herein includes sirtuin activation and sirtuin inhibition. Modulation of sirtuin activity includes sirtuin activation and/or sirtuin inhibition. In some embodiments, a sirtuin modulating compound and/or salt thereof is of Formula I described herein.

In one aspect, compounds modulating sirtuin activity are described herein. Sirtuin modulation by compounds described herein includes sirtuin activation and sirtuin inhibition. Modulation of sirtuin activity includes sirtuin activation and/or sirtuin inhibition. In some embodiments, a sirtuin modulating compound and/or salt thereof is of Formula I described herein.

Provided herein are novel heterocyclic compounds, for example, compounds of Formula (IV-C). Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the same, for example, in inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenases, retinoid pathway activation, and/or for treating various cancers, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) or as a male contraceptive. ##STR00001##

Provided herein are novel heterocyclic compounds, for example, compounds of Formula (IV-C). Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the same, for example, in inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenases, retinoid pathway activation, and/or for treating various cancers, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) or as a male contraceptive. ##STR00001##

Compounds are provided according to Formula (I), and hydrates thereof, and compositions thereof; and methods of using and making the same. Compounds of the present invention are contemplated useful for suppressing pain during cosmetic, medical, and dental procedures. In another aspect, provided herein is a composition comprising the compound of Formula (I) or hydrate thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Provided are a therapeutic agent and a pharmaceutical composition exerting an excellent prophylactic or therapeutic effect on fibrosis and symptoms associated with fibrosis. The therapeutic agent for fibrosis comprises 4-[2-fluoro-4-[[[(2-phenylacetyl)amino]thioxomethyl]amino]-phenoxy]-7-methoxy-N-methyl-6-quinolinecarboxamide or a salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Provided herein are novel heterocyclic compounds, for example, compounds of Formula (IV-C). Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the same, for example, in inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenases, retinoid pathway activation, and/or for treating various cancers, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) or as a male contraceptive.

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Provided herein are novel heterocyclic compounds, for example, compounds of Formula (IV-C). Also provided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the same, for example, in inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenases, retinoid pathway activation, and/or for treating various cancers, cancer metastasis, type 2 diabetes, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) or as a male contraceptive.

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