The field of the DISCLOSURE lies in active materials for organic image sensors. The present disclosure relates to transparent N materials and/or to transparent P materials and their use in absorption layer(s), photoelectric conversion layer(s) and/or an organic image sensor and methods for their synthesis. The present disclosure also relates to photoelectric conversion layer(s) including an active material according to the present disclosure, to a device, including active material(s) according to the present disclosure or photoelectric conversion layer(s) according to the present disclosure. Moreover, the present disclosure relates to an organic image sensor including photoelectric conversion layer(s) according to the present disclosure.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of donor compounds that can be used to produce H.sub.2S from COS or CS.sub.2 released from the donor compounds. In some embodiments, the donor compounds can indirectly produce H.sub.2S after being exposed to a reactive component in a triggering event. In other embodiments, the donor compounds can indirectly regenerate H.sub.2S after reacting with an H.sub.2S analyte. The donor compounds disclosed herein can be used for analytical techniques, disease diagnostics, and/or therapeutic applications. Methods of making and using the donor compounds also are provided herein.

Provided are: a thermal acid generator having a high acid generation temperature; and a resist composition using the same. The thermal acid generator is a sulfonic acid derivative compound represented by the following Formula (I): (wherein, R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or the like, or a group represented by the following Formula (II): (wherein, Y.sup.1 represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently represent an alkanediyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or the like; R.sup.13 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or the like; a and b each represent 0 or 1; and either a or b is 1); R.sup.2 to R.sup.7 each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the like of R.sup.1 has no substituent or is substituted with a halogen atom or the like; and a methylene structure in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the like of R.sup.1 is optionally substituted with O or the like).

##STR00001##

Provided are: a thermal acid generator having a high acid generation temperature; and a resist composition using the same. The thermal acid generator is a sulfonic acid derivative compound represented by the following Formula (I): (wherein, R.sup.1 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms or the like, or a group represented by the following Formula (II): (wherein, Y.sup.1 represents a single bond or an alkanediyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently represent an alkanediyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or the like; R.sup.13 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or the like; a and b each represent 0 or 1; and either a or b is 1); R.sup.2 to R.sup.7 each independently represent a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms; the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the like of R.sup.1 has no substituent or is substituted with a halogen atom or the like; and a methylene structure in the aliphatic hydrocarbon group or the like of R.sup.1 is optionally substituted with O or the like).

##STR00001##

A fluorescent compound or a salt thereof represented by General Formulae (I) or (II) shown below:

##STR00001##

In the General Formulae (1) and (II) shown above, R.sup.1 and R.sup.11 represent an alkyl group or an -aminoalkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.12 represent a hydrogen atom or a alkyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.13 represent an atomic group represented by a formula (CH.sub.2).sub.m (m is a natural number of 10 or less), R.sup.4 and R.sup.14 represent an atomic group represented by a formula CH.sub.2 or NR.sup.6 (NR.sup.16) (R.sup.6 and R.sup.16 represent an alkyl group), R.sup.5 and R.sup.15 represent an atomic group represented by a formula (CH.sub.2).sub.n (n is a natural number of or less), R represents an atomic group represented by any one of formulae NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.7, NR.sup.7R.sup.8 and NR.sup.7R.sup.8R.sup.9 (NHR.sup.17, NR.sup.17R.sup.18 and N.sup.+R.sup.17R.sup.18R.sup.19) (R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.17, R.sup.18 and R.sup.19 independently represents an alkyl group, respectively) and when R.sup.2 and R.sup.12 are alkyl groups and R.sup.4 (R.sup.14) is an atomic group represented by the formula NR.sup.6(NR.sup.16), R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 and R.sup.12 and R.sup.16 may bind with each other to form a ring.

A fluorescent compound or a salt thereof represented by General Formulae (I) or (II) shown below:

##STR00001##

In the General Formulae (1) and (II) shown above, R.sup.1 and R.sup.11 represent an alkyl group or an -aminoalkyl group, R.sup.2 and R.sup.12 represent a hydrogen atom or a alkyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.13 represent an atomic group represented by a formula (CH.sub.2).sub.m (m is a natural number of 10 or less), R.sup.4 and R.sup.14 represent an atomic group represented by a formula CH.sub.2 or NR.sup.6 (NR.sup.16) (R.sup.6 and R.sup.16 represent an alkyl group), R.sup.5 and R.sup.15 represent an atomic group represented by a formula (CH.sub.2).sub.n (n is a natural number of or less), R represents an atomic group represented by any one of formulae NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.7, NR.sup.7R.sup.8 and NR.sup.7R.sup.8R.sup.9 (NHR.sup.17, NR.sup.17R.sup.18 and N.sup.+R.sup.17R.sup.18R.sup.19) (R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.17, R.sup.18 and R.sup.19 independently represents an alkyl group, respectively) and when R.sup.2 and R.sup.12 are alkyl groups and R.sup.4 (R.sup.14) is an atomic group represented by the formula NR.sup.6(NR.sup.16), R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 and R.sup.12 and R.sup.16 may bind with each other to form a ring.

The present invention relates to a compound for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) and a composition for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) comprising the said compound. More precisely, the compound for detecting phosgene and DCP of the present invention can selectively detect phosgene and DCP either in the liquid phase of gas phase by detecting the changes of fluorescence and color development very quickly within a few seconds with nM sensitivity. Therefore, the compound can also be effectively used as an ingredient for the composition and kit for the detection of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of phosgene and DCP.

The present invention relates to a compound for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) and a composition for detecting phosgene and DCP (diethyl chlorophosphate) comprising the said compound. More precisely, the compound for detecting phosgene and DCP of the present invention can selectively detect phosgene and DCP either in the liquid phase of gas phase by detecting the changes of fluorescence and color development very quickly within a few seconds with nM sensitivity. Therefore, the compound can also be effectively used as an ingredient for the composition and kit for the detection of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of phosgene and DCP.

A redox flow battery includes a cathode, an anode, a charge-carrying electrolyte, and an (a) oxidized and a (b) reduced form of an active material. The active material has the following formula: (D)-(L)-(A)-[(L)-(A)].sub.V-D.sub.Z(F1) or (D)-(L)-(A)-(L-D).sub.X (F2). In these formulae, each D is covalently bonded to an L, each L is covalently bonded to an A, x is a number from 0 to 5, v is a number from 0 to 5 and z is 0 or 1. D is an electron donor compound, L is a linker, and A is an electron acceptor compound. Each of D, L, and A has a particular structure.

Novel photoacid generator compounds are provided. Compositions that include the novel photoacid generator compounds are also provided. The present disclosure further provides methods of making and using the photoacid generator compounds and compositions disclosed herein. The compounds and compositions are useful as photoactive components in chemically amplified resist compositions for various microfabrication applications.