An improved oxidation process for preparing 5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulphinyl-pyrazole, of formula (I) is described. The process includes admixing 5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylthiopyrazole of formula (II) with dichloroacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a strong acid.

An improved oxidation process for preparing 5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylsulphinyl-pyrazole, of formula (I) is described. The process includes admixing 5-amino-3-cyano-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylthiopyrazole of formula (II) with dichloroacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a strong acid.

A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3). ##STR00001##
Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

A palladium(II) complex of formula (1) or a palladium(II) complex of formula (3). ##STR00001##
Also, processes for the preparation of the complexes, and their use in carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions.

The present invention relates to a novel serotonin reuptake inhibitor which also exhibits 5-HT.sub.2C antagonistic action (antidepressive and anxiolytic effects), in particular, 5-HT.sub.2C inverse agonistic action comprising Compound (1):

##STR00001##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 , R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl etc.; R.sup.5 is C.sub.4-7 alkyl or (CR.sup.8R.sup.9).sub.r-E; R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently hydrogen, fluorine or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; A is C.sub.6-10 aryl or heteroaryl etc.; r is 1, 2, 3 or 4; E is C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6-10 aryl etc.; L is oxygen, sulfur or NR.sup.10; n is 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.10 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl etc.; and X is hydrogen or halogen etc.

A process for the synthesis of fipronil, which is a broad spectrum insecticide of the following chemical structure, is provided. ##STR00001## The process provides fipronil with a yield in the range of 75% to 90% and purity in the range of 95% to 97%. By the process, the observed amount of sulfone impurity i.e., 5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-cyano-4-trifluoro methylsulfonyl pyrazole in fipronil is in the range of 0% to 0.5%.

A process for the synthesis of fipronil, which is a broad spectrum insecticide of the following chemical structure, is provided. ##STR00001## The process provides fipronil with a yield in the range of 75% to 90% and purity in the range of 95% to 97%. By the process, the observed amount of sulfone impurity i.e., 5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-3-cyano-4-trifluoro methylsulfonyl pyrazole in fipronil is in the range of 0% to 0.5%.

The present invention relates to a novel serotonin reuptake inhibitor which also exhibits 5-HT.sub.2C antagonistic action (antidepressive and anxiolytic effects), in particular, 5-HT.sub.2C inverse agonistic action comprising Compound (1): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl etc.; R.sup.5 is C.sub.4-7 alkyl or (CR.sup.8R.sup.9).sub.r-E; R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently hydrogen, fluorine or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; A is C.sub.6-10 aryl or heteroaryl etc.; r is 1, 2, 3 or 4; E is C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6-10 aryl etc.; L is oxygen, sulfur or NR.sup.10; n is 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.10 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl etc.; and X is hydrogen or halogen etc.

The present invention relates to a novel serotonin reuptake inhibitor which also exhibits 5-HT.sub.2C antagonistic action (antidepressive and anxiolytic effects), in particular, 5-HT.sub.2C inverse agonistic action comprising Compound (1): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl etc.; R.sup.5 is C.sub.4-7 alkyl or (CR.sup.8R.sup.9).sub.r-E; R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are independently hydrogen, fluorine or C.sub.1-6 alkyl; A is C.sub.6-10 aryl or heteroaryl etc.; r is 1, 2, 3 or 4; E is C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl or C.sub.6-10 aryl etc.; L is oxygen, sulfur or NR.sup.10; n is 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.10 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-6 alkyl etc.; and X is hydrogen or halogen etc.

The present invention relates to novel crystalline polymorphs, solvate pseudomorphs and amorphous form of 5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (fipronil). The present invention also provides methods for preparing the novel polymorphs, pseudomorphs and amorphous form, as well as insecticidal or pesticidal compositions comprising same, and methods of use thereof as pesticidal agents.