Embodiments of the disclosure relate to an organic light emitting element. Specifically, there may be provided an organic light emitting element having high efficiency or long lifespan by including a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic material layer positioned therebetween wherein the organic material layer includes a specific compound.

A compound containing a benzene ring as shown in formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, an isotopic compound thereof, a crystal form thereof, a nitrogen oxide thereof, and a solvate thereof or a solvate of the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are provided. The compound has high P2X4 antagonistic activity, good selectivity, low toxicity and good metabolic stability.

##STR00001##

Provided are a labelling agent including a compound of the following Formula 1, a labelling composition, a method of labelling a protein with the labelling agent, and a method of detecting the protein using the labelling agent: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.8 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, R.sub.7 is H or —NR.sub.9R.sub.10, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, X is —NR.sub.11, —O, or S, R.sub.11 is H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, Y is —OR.sub.12 or —NR.sub.13R.sub.14, R.sub.12 is H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, and R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl.

Provided are a labelling agent including a compound of the following Formula 1, a labelling composition, a method of labelling a protein with the labelling agent, and a method of detecting the protein using the labelling agent: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, and R.sub.8 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, R.sub.7 is H or —NR.sub.9R.sub.10, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, X is —NR.sub.11, —O, or S, R.sub.11 is H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, Y is —OR.sub.12 or —NR.sub.13R.sub.14, R.sub.12 is H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl, and R.sub.13 and R.sub.14 are independently H, substituted or unsubstituted —C.sub.1-10-alkyl-, —C.sub.2-10-alkenyl, or —C.sub.2-10-alkynyl.

Disclosed herein are methods for reducing or arresting an increase in a Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) or a modified NIS (mNIS+7) in a human subject by administering an effective amount of a transthyretin (TTR)-inhibiting composition.

Disclosed herein are methods for reducing or arresting an increase in a Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) or a modified NIS (mNIS+7) in a human subject by administering an effective amount of a transthyretin (TTR)-inhibiting composition.

A compound represented by the general formula (I) [R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a halogen atom, or the like; A represents a phenylene group, or the like; X represents —CH(R.sup.3)—, —O—, —NH—, or the like; Y represents —O—, —NH—, —N═, or —S—; . . . represents a single bond or double bond; n represents 1 to 3; R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, or the like; and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like], or a salt thereof which has a blood LDL cholesterol-reducing action, and is useful as an active ingredient of medicaments.

##STR00001##

A compound represented by the general formula (I) [R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a halogen atom, or the like; A represents a phenylene group, or the like; X represents —CH(R.sup.3)—, —O—, —NH—, or the like; Y represents —O—, —NH—, —N═, or —S—; . . . represents a single bond or double bond; n represents 1 to 3; R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group, or the like; and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, or the like], or a salt thereof which has a blood LDL cholesterol-reducing action, and is useful as an active ingredient of medicaments.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a process of producing a trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluoromethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00001##

wherein A is an aryl or heteroaryl, each with or without subsutitution; and R.sub.1 is —H, -(alkyl), -(alkenyl), -(alkynyl), -(aryl), -(heteroaryl), -(alkylaryl), -(alkylheteroaryl), —NH-(alkyl), —N(alkyl).sub.7, —NH-(alkenyl), —NH-(alkynyl) —NH-(aryl), —NH-(heteroaryl), —O-(alkyl), —O-(alkenyl), —O-(alkynyl), —O-(aryl), —O-(heteroaryl), —S-(alkyl), —S-(alkenyl), —S-(alkynyl), —S-(aryl), or —S-(heteroaryl), comprising: (a) reacting a compound having the structure:

##STR00002##

with a trifluoromethylating agent in the presence of a base in a first suitable solvent under conditions to produce a compound having the structure:

##STR00003##

and (b) maintaining the compound produced in step (a) in a second suitable solvent under conditions sufficient to produce the trifluoromethoxylated aryl or trifluormethoxylated heteroaryl having the structure:

##STR00004##

The present invention provides compounds of formula (IV); ##STR00001##
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables are defined as herein. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing the compounds of formula (IV), their therapeutic uses, combinations with other of pharmacologically active agents, and a pharmaceutical compositions.