The sulfonium salt does not contain a toxic metal and exhibits higher cationic polymerization performance and crosslinking performance than a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate salt. The heat- or photo-acid generator contains the sulfonium salt. The sulfonium salt is formed of a sulfonium cation selected from a group represented by general formulas (1), (9), (10) and (11) described below and a gallate anion represented by formula (a). The heat- or photo-acid generator contains the sulfonium salt. The heat- or energy ray-curable composition contains the acid generator and a cationically polymerizable compound. A cured product can be obtained by curing the same. ##STR00001##

The sulfonium salt does not contain a toxic metal and exhibits higher cationic polymerization performance and crosslinking performance than a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate salt. The heat- or photo-acid generator contains the sulfonium salt. The sulfonium salt is formed of a sulfonium cation selected from a group represented by general formulas (1), (9), (10) and (11) described below and a gallate anion represented by formula (a). The heat- or photo-acid generator contains the sulfonium salt. The heat- or energy ray-curable composition contains the acid generator and a cationically polymerizable compound. A cured product can be obtained by curing the same. ##STR00001##

Described are methods of prepraing reduced 3,7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine (DAPTZ) compounds of formula:

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.9 are independently selected from: —H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of R.sup.3NA and R.sup.3NB is independently selected from: —H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of R.sup.7NA and R.sup.7NB is independently selected from: —H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of HX.sup.1 and HX.sup.2 is independently a protic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These methods are particularly usefull for producing stable reduced forms, and with high purity. The stability and purity are especially relevant for pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disease. The compounds are useful for treatment of e.g. tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, and also as prodrugs for the corresponding oxidized thioninium drugs.

Described are methods of prepraing reduced 3,7-diamino-10H-phenothiazine (DAPTZ) compounds of formula:

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.9 are independently selected from: —H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of R.sup.3NA and R.sup.3NB is independently selected from: —H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of R.sup.7NA and R.sup.7NB is independently selected from: —H; C.sub.1-4alkyl; C.sub.2-4alkenyl; and halogenated C.sub.1-4alkyl; each of HX.sup.1 and HX.sup.2 is independently a protic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. These methods are particularly usefull for producing stable reduced forms, and with high purity. The stability and purity are especially relevant for pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of disease. The compounds are useful for treatment of e.g. tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease, and also as prodrugs for the corresponding oxidized thioninium drugs.

The present invention provides a novel ligand compound, a transition metal compound and a catalyst composition including the same.

Disclosed are compounds of general formula (I): ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, formulations, methods and uses in, for example, the treatment of disease.

Disclosed are compounds of general formula (I): ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, formulations, methods and uses in, for example, the treatment of disease.

A rechargeable lithium-ion cell has a cell capacity and includes a positive electrode having a recharged potential and a negative electrode. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a charge-carrying electrolyte. The charge-carrying electrolyte includes a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a redox shuttle having the following structure Formula (I). ##STR00001##

A rechargeable lithium-ion cell has a cell capacity and includes a positive electrode having a recharged potential and a negative electrode. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a charge-carrying electrolyte. The charge-carrying electrolyte includes a charge-carrying medium and a lithium salt. The rechargeable lithium-ion cell also includes a redox shuttle having the following structure Formula (I). ##STR00001##

10H-phenothiazine derivatives capable of inhibiting ferroptosis has structural formula (I). The derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, crystal forms thereof, or solvates thereof exhibit inhibitory effect on ferroptosis, and therapeutic effect on a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia and thus can be used as a main active ingredient in the preparation of ferroptosis inhibitors. The compounds and the inhibitors prepared by the compounds have good medicinal potential and are expected to be used as drug candidates for the treatment of stroke. ##STR00001##