Thermosetting resin compositions are provided that are useful for mounting onto a circuit board semiconductor devices, such as chip size or chip scale packages (CSPs), ball grid arrays (BGAs), land grid arrays (LGAs) and the like (collectively, subcomponents), or semiconductor chips. Reaction products of the compositions are controllably reworkable when subjected to appropriate conditions.

The present invention provides for xanthophyll derivatives and compositions comprising the xanthophyll derivatives as well methods of making and using the same. The compositions include pharmaceutical compositions as well as foodstuffs, food additives, food supplements, feedstuffs and feed additives.

The present invention provides for xanthophyll derivatives and compositions comprising the xanthophyll derivatives as well methods of making and using the same. The compositions include pharmaceutical compositions as well as foodstuffs, food additives, food supplements, feedstuffs and feed additives.

To provide a fluorinated compound capable of obtaining a cured product which is excellent in heat resistance and mold release and has a high Abbe number; a curable composition containing such a compound; and a cured product which is excellent in heat resistance and mold release and has a high Abbe number. The fluorinated compound is represented by the following formula (A):
[ZOCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2OCFHCF.sub.2X].sub.nQ(A)
where n is an integer of at least 1, Q is a n-valent organic group, X is O, NH or S, and Z is a group having at least one polymerizable functional group.

To provide a fluorinated compound capable of obtaining a cured product which is excellent in heat resistance and mold release and has a high Abbe number; a curable composition containing such a compound; and a cured product which is excellent in heat resistance and mold release and has a high Abbe number. The fluorinated compound is represented by the following formula (A):
[ZOCH.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2CF.sub.2OCFHCF.sub.2X].sub.nQ(A)
where n is an integer of at least 1, Q is a n-valent organic group, X is O, NH or S, and Z is a group having at least one polymerizable functional group.

Described herein polymer precursor compounds (aka polymer building blocks) of derived from biobased compounds, and specifically biobased mevalonolactone and its related derivatives. Through oxidation these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols and polyamides, as well as precursors for glycidyl esters and omega-alkenyl esters. Through reduction, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols, polycarbonates, as well as precursors for glycidyl ethers and omega-alkenyl ethers. Through nucleophilic ring opening and/or amidation, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for polyester polyols, chain-extender for polyurethanes, or polyester-amides.

Described herein polymer precursor compounds (aka polymer building blocks) of derived from biobased compounds, and specifically biobased mevalonolactone and its related derivatives. Through oxidation these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols and polyamides, as well as precursors for glycidyl esters and omega-alkenyl esters. Through reduction, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for (unsaturated-) polyesters, polyester polyols, polycarbonates, as well as precursors for glycidyl ethers and omega-alkenyl ethers. Through nucleophilic ring opening and/or amidation, these biobased precursors can be reacted to yield building blocks for polyester polyols, chain-extender for polyurethanes, or polyester-amides.

A process is provided for preparing a compound having the formula (I):

##STR00001##

said process being conducted by:

a) the addition of an oxygen source into a solution of a compound of formula (II)

##STR00002##

in a water-miscible solvent,

b) the addition of a laccase in the solution obtained in a); and

c) the possible recovering of the compound of formula (I) thus obtained.

A process is provided for preparing a compound having the formula (I):

##STR00001##

said process being conducted by:

a) the addition of an oxygen source into a solution of a compound of formula (II)

##STR00002##

in a water-miscible solvent,

b) the addition of a laccase in the solution obtained in a); and

c) the possible recovering of the compound of formula (I) thus obtained.

Provided are an epoxy resin which has high fluidity, a method for producing the epoxy resin, a cured product thereof, and a use thereof. The epoxy resin is represented by the structural formula (1) below and exhibits a peak P appearing between peaks with n=0 and n=1 in a GPC measurement in which the area of the peak P is 0.0100 to 0.0750 times the area of the peak with n=0,

##STR00001##

wherein G represents a glycidyl group, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a hydroxyphenyl group, or a halogen-substituted phenyl group, symbol * indicates bonding to any of the carbon atoms capable of forming a bond on the naphthalene ring, and n represents the number of repeats and is 0 to 10 on average.