Disclosed are compounds of Formulae 1, 1a, 1b and 2, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.1a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined in the disclosure.
Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formulae 1, 1a and 1b, and methods for controlling a parasitic nematode comprising contacting the parasitic nematode or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound or composition of Formulae 1, 1a, 1b and 2.

Disclosed are compounds of Formulae 1, 1a, 1b and 2, ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.1a, R.sup.1b, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined in the disclosure.
Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formulae 1, 1a and 1b, and methods for controlling a parasitic nematode comprising contacting the parasitic nematode or its environment with a biologically effective amount of a compound or composition of Formulae 1, 1a, 1b and 2.

Provided is a single step process for producing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran from furfuryl alcohol with high conversion rate and high selectivity towards 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Provided is a single step process for producing 2-methyltetrahydrofuran from furfuryl alcohol with high conversion rate and high selectivity towards 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Disclosed herein is a method for converting an epoxide to a first C3 product, a second C3 product, and/or a first C4 product within an integrated system. The method includes converting the epoxide to a beta lactone to produce an outlet stream comprising beta lactone. The method includes converting the beta lactone of the outlet stream to a first C3 product in the first C3 reactor to produce an outlet stream comprising the first C3 product; converting the beta lactone to a second C3 product in the second C3 reactor to produce an outlet stream comprising the second C3 product, and/or converting the beta lactone to a first C4 product in the first C4 reactor to produce an outlet stream comprising the first C4 product.

Disclosed herein is a method for converting an epoxide to a first C3 product, a second C3 product, and/or a first C4 product within an integrated system. The method includes converting the epoxide to a beta lactone to produce an outlet stream comprising beta lactone. The method includes converting the beta lactone of the outlet stream to a first C3 product in the first C3 reactor to produce an outlet stream comprising the first C3 product; converting the beta lactone to a second C3 product in the second C3 reactor to produce an outlet stream comprising the second C3 product, and/or converting the beta lactone to a first C4 product in the first C4 reactor to produce an outlet stream comprising the first C4 product.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms comprising a 1,4-butanediol (BDO) pathway comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a BDO pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce BDO and further optimized for expression of BDO. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce BDO.

The invention provides non-naturally occurring microbial organisms comprising a 1,4-butanediol (BDO) pathway comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a BDO pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce BDO and further optimized for expression of BDO. The invention additionally provides methods of using such microbial organisms to produce BDO.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing tetrahydrofuran (THF). The method includes: feeding 1,4-butanediol into a reactive distillation apparatus; performing the dehydration reaction in the presence of an acidic catalyst; and producing the top stream containing product THF and the bottom stream from the reactive distillation apparatus, wherein a weight ratio of a water content in the bottom stream to a water content in the top stream is 0.05 to 2.4, thereby providing a high conversion rate and more cost-effectiveness, and enhancing the value of the industrial application.

The present disclosure provides a method for producing tetrahydrofuran (THF). The method includes: feeding 1,4-butanediol into a reactive distillation apparatus; performing the dehydration reaction in the presence of an acidic catalyst; and producing the top stream containing product THF and the bottom stream from the reactive distillation apparatus, wherein a weight ratio of a water content in the bottom stream to a water content in the top stream is 0.05 to 2.4, thereby providing a high conversion rate and more cost-effectiveness, and enhancing the value of the industrial application.