Methods of making reduced derivatives of hydroxymethyl furfural using metal catalysts are described. The derivatives may have tetrahydrofuran or furan nucleus with alkoxymethyl ether or ester moieties on the 5′ carbon and methanol on the 2′ carbon. Suitable metal catalyst include Raney nickel, a nickel catalyst with a zirconium promoter, a chromite catalyst with a barium, a palladium catalyst, such as palladium on carbon, or a ruthenium catalyst. Also provided are a new class of compounds, which are n-alkoxy hexane diols (i.e., 1,2 or 1,5 hexane diol ethers) and methods of making the same by reduction of furan or tetrahydrofuran derivatives.

Methods of making reduced derivatives of hydroxymethyl furfural using metal catalysts are described. The derivatives may have tetrahydrofuran or furan nucleus with alkoxymethyl ether or ester moieties on the 5′ carbon and methanol on the 2′ carbon. Suitable metal catalyst include Raney nickel, a nickel catalyst with a zirconium promoter, a chromite catalyst with a barium, a palladium catalyst, such as palladium on carbon, or a ruthenium catalyst. Also provided are a new class of compounds, which are n-alkoxy hexane diols (i.e., 1,2 or 1,5 hexane diol ethers) and methods of making the same by reduction of furan or tetrahydrofuran derivatives.

The invention relates to tetrahydrofuran derivatives of the formula (I)

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in which the radical R1 has the definition (CH.sub.2═CH—CO—O—(CHR3—CH.sub.2—O).sub.m—CH.sub.2)— and the radical R2 has the definition (CH.sub.2═CH—CO—O—(CHR4—CH.sub.2—O).sub.n—CH.sub.2)—, in which the radicals R3 and R4 independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl, and with the proviso that the sum of the indices m and n is a number in the range from 0 to 20.

The compounds (I) are suitable for coating the surfaces of solid substrates, more particularly for coating plastics.

The invention relates to tetrahydrofuran derivatives of the formula (I)

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in which the radical R1 has the definition (CH.sub.2═CH—CO—O—(CHR3—CH.sub.2—O).sub.m—CH.sub.2)— and the radical R2 has the definition (CH.sub.2═CH—CO—O—(CHR4—CH.sub.2—O).sub.n—CH.sub.2)—, in which the radicals R3 and R4 independently of one another are hydrogen or methyl, and with the proviso that the sum of the indices m and n is a number in the range from 0 to 20.

The compounds (I) are suitable for coating the surfaces of solid substrates, more particularly for coating plastics.

Disclosed are a method for producing a highly reactive intermediate, which comprises: preparing an electron-accepting active compound (1), preparing a piezoelectric material (3), and applying mechanical strain to the piezoelectric material (3) in the presence of the electron-accepting active compound (1) and the piezoelectric material (3), and subjecting the compound (1) to one-electron reduction to generate a corresponding highly reactive intermediate; a redox reaction method using the method for producing the same; and a method for producing a redox reaction product.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of making non-ionic, amphiphilic surfactants from 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, furan-2,5-dimethanol and bis-2,5-dihydroxymethyltetrahydrofurans and the novel compounds that are made from those methods.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of making non-ionic, amphiphilic surfactants from 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, furan-2,5-dimethanol and bis-2,5-dihydroxymethyltetrahydrofurans and the novel compounds that are made from those methods.

A method for producing telomerase activators which provide to obtain new/novel molecules (metabolites) from saponin group compounds by using biotransformation with endophytic fungi and telomerase activators obtained by this method. Included is the elucidation of chemical structures and investigation of the effects of telomerase enzyme activation in cells. These molecules have the potential to be used in diseases and/or conditions that can be treated/ameliorated by telomerase activation and associated with telomere shortening (For example; HIV, degenerative diseases, acute and chronic wound healing, ex vivo cell therapies and stem cell proliferation due to increment in vitro and ex-vivo replicative capacity of cells).

A resist composition containing a polymeric compound having a constitutional unit (a01) derived from a compound represented by General Formula (a0-1). In the formula, represents a polymerizable group-containing group, Ra.sup.01 represents a linear or branched hydrocarbon group, and Ra.sup.02 and Ra.sup.03 each independently represents a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent

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The present invention is directed to inhibitors of tyrosinase, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such tyrosinase inhibitors, and methods of making and using the same. Specifically, included in the present invention are compositions of matter comprised of at least one 2,4-dihydroxybenzene analog, which inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and which inhibit the overproduction of melanin.