The present disclosure provides methods of making nicotinoyl riboside compounds or derivatives of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein X.sup.−, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are described herein, reduced analogs thereof, modified derivatives thereof, phosphorylated analogs thereof, and adenylyl dinucleotide conjugates thereof, or salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, and novel crystalline forms thereof.

The present disclosure provides methods of making nicotinoyl riboside compounds or derivatives of formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein X.sup.−, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, n, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are described herein, reduced analogs thereof, modified derivatives thereof, phosphorylated analogs thereof, and adenylyl dinucleotide conjugates thereof, or salts, solvates, or prodrugs thereof, and novel crystalline forms thereof.

The present invention provides a novel dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor which is applicable to various diseases. When used as an active ingredient, a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
(wherein X represents a halogen atom, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents —CHO, and R.sup.4 represents —CH.sub.2—CH═C(CH.sub.3)—R.sup.0 (wherein R.sup.0 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent on the terminal carbon and/or on a non-terminal carbon, etc.)),
an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has a high inhibitory effect on dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase and can be used as an immunosuppressive agent, a therapeutic agent for rheumatism, an anticancer agent, a therapeutic agent for graft rejection, an antiviral agent, an anti-H. pylori agent, a therapeutic agent for diabetes or the like.

The present invention provides a novel dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase inhibitor which is applicable to various diseases. When used as an active ingredient, a compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
(wherein X represents a halogen atom, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 7 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents —CHO, and R.sup.4 represents —CH.sub.2—CH═C(CH.sub.3)—R.sup.0 (wherein R.sup.0 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent on the terminal carbon and/or on a non-terminal carbon, etc.)),
an optical isomer thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof has a high inhibitory effect on dihydroorotic acid dehydrogenase and can be used as an immunosuppressive agent, a therapeutic agent for rheumatism, an anticancer agent, a therapeutic agent for graft rejection, an antiviral agent, an anti-H. pylori agent, a therapeutic agent for diabetes or the like.

Sugar-derived tetrol, non-ionic amphiphilic amine-esters are prepared facilely and efficaciously in a few steps. The process is initiated by the esterification of a sugar-derived tetrol with a fatty acid chloride, then, undergoing triflate esterification followed by nucleophilic displacement of the aforementioned hydrophilic amine. Each synthetic pathway is efficient and affords modest to high yields of target amphiphiles, which are valorized as practicable surfactant surrogates to petroleum incumbents.

Compounds of the formula I ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, q and W have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, are inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system injury and different forms of inflammation.

Compounds of the formula I ##STR00001## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3, X.sup.4, q and W have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, are inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, and can be employed, inter alia, for the treatment of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system injury and different forms of inflammation.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to biorenewable polyesters and polyester copolymers derived from camphoric acid, methods of making same, and articles comprising same. The disclosed biorenewable polyesters can have a Mn of from about 5,000 Da to about 500,000 Da. Also disclosed herein is the preparation of various monomers useful in the reactions disclosed herein, e.g., cis-1,4-anhydroerythritol and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) camphorate. In various aspects, the disclosed biorenewable polyesters and polyester copolymers can be used to the production of various articles utilizing a conventional polyester or polyester copolymer, that is, to replace, in part or in whole, a conventional nonbiorenewable polyester or polyester copolymer. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to biorenewable polyesters and polyester copolymers derived from camphoric acid, methods of making same, and articles comprising same. The disclosed biorenewable polyesters can have a Mn of from about 5,000 Da to about 500,000 Da. Also disclosed herein is the preparation of various monomers useful in the reactions disclosed herein, e.g., cis-1,4-anhydroerythritol and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) camphorate. In various aspects, the disclosed biorenewable polyesters and polyester copolymers can be used to the production of various articles utilizing a conventional polyester or polyester copolymer, that is, to replace, in part or in whole, a conventional nonbiorenewable polyester or polyester copolymer. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The invention relates to compounds of formula (IW-1) and to their use in treating or preventing an inflammatory disease or a disease associated with an undesirable immune response: wherein R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C and R.sup.D are as defined herein.

##STR00001##