Bimetal oxide catalyst and methods, a method comprises: mixing and grinding to obtain a mixture comprising a manganese salt (a), at least one of other metal salt (b), and an additive (c), wherein the other metal salt comprises at least one of a copper salt, a cobalt salt, a cerium salt, an iron salt, or a nickel salt, and the additive comprises at least one of polyol or organic acid, and calcining the mixture to obtain the bimetal oxide catalyst.

Bimetal oxide catalyst and methods, a method comprises: mixing and grinding to obtain a mixture comprising a manganese salt (a), at least one of other metal salt (b), and an additive (c), wherein the other metal salt comprises at least one of a copper salt, a cobalt salt, a cerium salt, an iron salt, or a nickel salt, and the additive comprises at least one of polyol or organic acid, and calcining the mixture to obtain the bimetal oxide catalyst.

Thermal treatment of purified FDCA for producing a carboxylic acid composition, the process comprising the steps of providing or producing a thermal treatment composition comprising a purified carboxylic acid composition and an organic acid containing treatment solvent composition; subjecting the thermal treatment composition to an elevated temperature, wherein the FDCA is partially dissolved, and cooling the treated composition and separating at least a portion of the FDCA from the treated composition to obtain a carboxylic acid composition.

Thermal treatment of purified FDCA for producing a carboxylic acid composition, the process comprising the steps of providing or producing a thermal treatment composition comprising a purified carboxylic acid composition and an organic acid containing treatment solvent composition; subjecting the thermal treatment composition to an elevated temperature, wherein the FDCA is partially dissolved, and cooling the treated composition and separating at least a portion of the FDCA from the treated composition to obtain a carboxylic acid composition.

The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) comprising heating a mixture of fructose, aqueous NaCl or KCl, solvent, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and a catalyst at a temperature in the range of 150 to 200° C. in a sealed vessel for a time period in the range of 2 to 5 hours to yield crude 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF). The crude 5-HMF further reacts with a biocatalyst at a temperature in a range of 20 to 50° C. for a period at a range of 24 to 96 hours to yield FDCA, wherein the conversion of 5-HMF to FDCA is in the range of 90 to 100%.

The present invention provides a process for the synthesis of Furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) comprising heating a mixture of fructose, aqueous NaCl or KCl, solvent, methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) and a catalyst at a temperature in the range of 150 to 200° C. in a sealed vessel for a time period in the range of 2 to 5 hours to yield crude 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF). The crude 5-HMF further reacts with a biocatalyst at a temperature in a range of 20 to 50° C. for a period at a range of 24 to 96 hours to yield FDCA, wherein the conversion of 5-HMF to FDCA is in the range of 90 to 100%.

A process for carboxylation of a furoate slurry to produce FDCA, especially 2,5-FDCA, includes the steps of: feeding a slurry containing a suspension fluid, furoate, a surfactant and an alkali metal carbonate to a carboxylation reactor; and feeding a flow of CO.sub.2 to the carboxylation reactor at flow conditions sufficient to suspend the slurry in the reactor and react the furoate with CO2 to form 2,5-FDCA. A fully integrated process is also disclosed.

A process for carboxylation of a furoate slurry to produce FDCA, especially 2,5-FDCA, includes the steps of: feeding a slurry containing a suspension fluid, furoate, a surfactant and an alkali metal carbonate to a carboxylation reactor; and feeding a flow of CO.sub.2 to the carboxylation reactor at flow conditions sufficient to suspend the slurry in the reactor and react the furoate with CO2 to form 2,5-FDCA. A fully integrated process is also disclosed.

The present invention provides compounds useful as inhibitors of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.

A method for producing a homocyclic or heterocyclic compound includes reacting a compound of formula (I) with a compound of formula (II) in presence of a base:
R.sup.1—B-G  (I) ##STR00001##
In formula (I), B is an unsaturated moiety selected from substituted or unsubstituted vinylene, ethynylene, aryleneethynylene, substituted or unsubstituted arylenevinylene, and a combination thereof, the vinylene or arylenevinylene has n (=0, 1 or 2) substituent(s) R.sup.2, G is an electron-withdrawing group, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a substituent, and two of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and G may joint together to form a ring. In formula (II), R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen or a substituent, R.sup.5 is an electron-withdrawing group, and two of R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may joint together to form a ring. The conjugate acid of the base has a pK.sub.a in the range of 1 to 15.