Compounds of formula (I) ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides, or radiolabelled forms thereof, wherein R.sup.1, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, and n are as defined in the specification, are useful in treating conditions or disorders prevented by or ameliorated by Tropomysin receptor kinases (Trk). Methods for making the compounds are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of formula (I), and methods for using such compounds and compositions.

A lactone compound is represented by general formula (A), and an ether compound is represented by general formula (B). In formula (A), R is a hydrogen atom or R1. When R is a hydrogen atom, R′ is R1, the carbon bond (1) is a single bond or a double bond, and the carbon bond (2) is a single bond. When R is R1, R′ is a hydrogen atom or R1, both the carbon bonds (1) and (2) are a single bond, or one of them is a double bond and the other is a single bond. In formula (B), R″ is R1. R1 represents a specific alkyl group, a specific alkenyl group, a specific alkynyl group, or an aryl group. In formulas (A) and (B), n is 0 or 1. ##STR00001##

A lactone compound is represented by general formula (A), and an ether compound is represented by general formula (B). In formula (A), R is a hydrogen atom or R1. When R is a hydrogen atom, R′ is R1, the carbon bond (1) is a single bond or a double bond, and the carbon bond (2) is a single bond. When R is R1, R′ is a hydrogen atom or R1, both the carbon bonds (1) and (2) are a single bond, or one of them is a double bond and the other is a single bond. In formula (B), R″ is R1. R1 represents a specific alkyl group, a specific alkenyl group, a specific alkynyl group, or an aryl group. In formulas (A) and (B), n is 0 or 1. ##STR00001##

Provided herein are deuterated compounds and compositions useful in increasing PPARδ activity. The compounds and compositions provided herein are useful for the treatment of PPARδ related diseases (e.g., muscular diseases, vascular disease, demyelinating disease, and metabolic diseases).

The invention relates to a catalyst arrangement for preparing phthalic anhydride by gas-phase oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, which comprises a reactor having a gas inlet end for a feed gas and a gas outlet end for a product gas and also a first catalyst zone made up of catalyst bodies and at least one second catalyst zone made up of catalyst bodies, where the first catalyst zone is arranged at the gas inlet end and the second catalyst zone is arranged downstream of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction and the length of the first catalyst zone in the gas flow direction is less than the length of the second catalyst zone in the gas flow direction, characterized in that the first catalyst zone has a higher gap content compared to the second catalyst zone.

The present invention discloses a 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound in which R.sub.1-R.sub.6, in the formula are mutually independent H or C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyls, and R.sub.7 is C.sub.7-C.sub.20 alkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.20 mixed alkyl. The present invention also discloses a composition of 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the preparation method. The 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the composition thereof has the superiority in application due to the characteristics of less proneness to volatilize, less proneness to be extracted, higher resistance to migration and less proneness to bloom and precipitate on the surface of organic materials, and with a wide range of application, it is effective during the application.

The present invention discloses a 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound in which R.sub.1-R.sub.6, in the formula are mutually independent H or C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyls, and R.sub.7 is C.sub.7-C.sub.20 alkyl or C.sub.7-C.sub.20 mixed alkyl. The present invention also discloses a composition of 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the preparation method. The 3-aryl-benzofuranone compound and the composition thereof has the superiority in application due to the characteristics of less proneness to volatilize, less proneness to be extracted, higher resistance to migration and less proneness to bloom and precipitate on the surface of organic materials, and with a wide range of application, it is effective during the application.

A 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one compound is substituted with one or more acyloxy groups comprising 26 or more carbon atoms. A compound comprises two or more 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one moieties and a second moiety selected from the group consisting of divalent and polyvalent C.sub.4-C.sub.60 hydrocarbon moieties. Each 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one moiety is covalently bound to an open valence of the second moiety through a linking group selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and oxyalkylene ester moieties. A composition comprises the 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one compound described above or the compound described above comprising two or more 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one moieties.

A 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one compound is substituted with one or more acyloxy groups comprising 26 or more carbon atoms. A compound comprises two or more 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one moieties and a second moiety selected from the group consisting of divalent and polyvalent C.sub.4-C.sub.60 hydrocarbon moieties. Each 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one moiety is covalently bound to an open valence of the second moiety through a linking group selected from the group consisting of a carboxy group and oxyalkylene ester moieties. A composition comprises the 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one compound described above or the compound described above comprising two or more 3-phenyl-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one moieties.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for inhibiting group II intron splicing for treating or preventing a disease or disorder associated with an organism harboring an active group II intron. The present invention also provides compositions and methods for inhibiting group II intron splicing for inhibiting, preventing or reducing growth of an organism harboring an active group II intron.