Certain compounds, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrugs thereof, are provided herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, described herein and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle. Methods of treating patients suffering from certain diseases and disorders responsive to the inhibition of KMO activity are described, which comprise administering to such patients an amount of at least one compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, described herein effective to reduce signs or symptoms of the disease or disorder are disclosed. These diseases include neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease. Also described are methods of treatment include administering at least one compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, described herein as a single active agent or administering at least one compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, described herein in combination with one or more other therapeutic agents. Also provided are methods for screening compounds capable of inhibiting KMO activity.

Novel processes, and intermediates, for making alkylated arylpiperazine and alkylated arylpiperidine compounds of the general formulas (I) and (VII), respectively ##STR00001##
wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted or alkyl; n=0, 1, or 2; Y=NR.sub.3R.sub.4, OR.sub.5, or SR.sub.5, where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are individually selected from acyl or sulfonyl, and where R.sub.5 is aryl or heteroaryl, or heterocyclic; and Ar is an aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic compound.

Novel processes, and intermediates, for making alkylated arylpiperazine and alkylated arylpiperidine compounds of the general formulas (I) and (VII), respectively ##STR00001##
wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are individually selected from hydrogen, alkyl, substituted or alkyl; n=0, 1, or 2; Y=NR.sub.3R.sub.4, OR.sub.5, or SR.sub.5, where R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are individually selected from acyl or sulfonyl, and where R.sub.5 is aryl or heteroaryl, or heterocyclic; and Ar is an aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclic compound.

Compositions and methods for visualizing tissue under illumination with near-infrared radiation, including compounds comprising near-infrared, closed chain, sulfo-cyanine dyes and prostate specific membrane antigen ligands are disclosed.

Compositions and methods for visualizing tissue under illumination with near-infrared radiation, including compounds comprising near-infrared, closed chain, sulfo-cyanine dyes and prostate specific membrane antigen ligands are disclosed.

Compositions and methods for visualizing tissue under illumination with near-infrared radiation, including compounds comprising near-infrared, closed chain, sulfo-cyanine dyes and prostate specific membrane antigen ligands are disclosed.

Compositions and methods for visualizing tissue under illumination with near-infrared radiation, including compounds comprising near-infrared, closed chain, sulfo-cyanine dyes and prostate specific membrane antigen ligands are disclosed.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting compounds are described. Uses of the compounds for imaging, therapy, cell sorting, and tumor mapping are also described.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting compounds are described. Uses of the compounds for imaging, therapy, cell sorting, and tumor mapping are also described.

Novel compounds of the structural formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and may be useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 40. The compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

##STR00001##