Disclosed are of the protected photoinitiators of the formula: wherein Aryl1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring; Aryl2 is an aromatic ring; each R.sup.1 is an alkyl, an aryl, an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, and subscript a is 0 to 3; each R.sup.2 is an alkyl, an aryl, an electron donating group or an electron withdrawing group, and subscript b is 0 to 3; Prot is a protected carbonyl group.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides for novel fragrance molecules, namely a range of related fragrance molecules all containing a cyclic acetal or dioxepane sub-structure in combination with a carbonyl sub-structure and a phenyl sub-structure.

Specifically, several compounds of the formula:

##STR00001## Wherein: R=is or contains a phenyl group R1=is or contains a methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl group, including branched groups or groups with additional methyl, ethyl or propyl sub-structures R2=is or contains a cyclic acetal group or dioxepane R3=is or contains a carbonyl group, including a ketone, methanal, ethanal, propanal, or acetyl group

The present disclosure provides for novel fragrance molecules, namely a range of related fragrance molecules all containing a cyclic acetal or dioxepane sub-structure in combination with a carbonyl sub-structure and a phenyl sub-structure.

Specifically, several compounds of the formula:

##STR00001## Wherein: R=is or contains a phenyl group R1=is or contains a methyl, ethyl, propyl, or butyl group, including branched groups or groups with additional methyl, ethyl or propyl sub-structures R2=is or contains a cyclic acetal group or dioxepane R3=is or contains a carbonyl group, including a ketone, methanal, ethanal, propanal, or acetyl group

The present disclosure provides a use of a catalyst for catalyzing a reaction of an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide, the catalyst includes a spirocyclic compound including at least one compound of formula (1):

##STR00001##

where X is selected from nitrogen, or phosphorus; Y is selected from halogens; A and B are independently selected from materials having formulae (a) to (d). Compared with catalysts with a non-spirocyclic structure or Lewis acid metal catalysts, the catalyst including the spirocyclic compound having the structural shown in formula 1 has the advantages of better catalytic effect, more stable performance and longer service life when catalyzing the reaction of the epoxy compounds and carbon dioxide. The present catalyst has both high efficiency and safety, and thus has broad application prospects.

The present disclosure provides a use of a catalyst for catalyzing a reaction of an epoxide compound and carbon dioxide, the catalyst includes a spirocyclic compound including at least one compound of formula (1):

##STR00001##

where X is selected from nitrogen, or phosphorus; Y is selected from halogens; A and B are independently selected from materials having formulae (a) to (d). Compared with catalysts with a non-spirocyclic structure or Lewis acid metal catalysts, the catalyst including the spirocyclic compound having the structural shown in formula 1 has the advantages of better catalytic effect, more stable performance and longer service life when catalyzing the reaction of the epoxy compounds and carbon dioxide. The present catalyst has both high efficiency and safety, and thus has broad application prospects.

The invention relates to anthracycline derivative compounds for treating tumor diseases, and related methods, compositions, and kits.

The invention relates to anthracycline derivative compounds for treating tumor diseases, and related methods, compositions, and kits.

The invention relates to anthracycline derivative compounds for treating tumor diseases, and related methods, compositions, and kits. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to anthracycline derivative compounds for treating tumor diseases, and related methods, compositions, and kits. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for preparing cyclic acetals having general formula (I) wherein Y and Y, equal to or different from each other, are selected from H and a group OR, R being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, comprising at least the following phases: (i) providing a reaction mixture comprising at least one vicinal diol having formula (II) ZCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2OH wherein Z is selected from H and a group OR, R being a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, said mixture being substantially free of aldehydes having general formula R.sup.ICHO, wherein R.sup.I is a linear or branched alkyl containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, possibly substituted by an alkoxide group OR111, wherein R.sup.III is an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (ii) thermally treating said reaction mixture at a temperature within the range of 100 C.-300 C. in the presence of at least one acid catalyst, obtaining said compound having formula (I). The acetals having formula (I) can be used as fuel components. ##STR00001##