Compounds of formula (I) have antibacterial activity:

##STR00001##

wherein R represents hydrogen or 1, 2 or 3 optional substituents; W is C(R.sub.1) or N; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an optional substituent and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl, or fluorine; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together are CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, O, or, in either orientation, OCH.sub.2 or OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2; R.sub.3 is a radical of formula -(Alk.sup.1).sub.m-(Z).sub.p-(Alk.sup.2).sub.n-Q wherein m, p and n are independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of m, p and n is 1, Z is O, S, S(O), S(O.sub.2), NH, N(CH.sub.3), N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), C(O), O(CO), C(O)O, or an optionally substituted divalent monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical having 3 to 6 ring atoms; or an optionally substituted divalent bicyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 10 ring atoms; Alk.sup.1 and Alk.sup.2 are optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenylene, or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynylene radicals, which may optionally terminate with or be interrupted by O, S, S(O), S(O.sub.2), NH, N(CH.sub.3), or N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3); and Q is hydrogen, halogen, nitrile, or hydroxyl or an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical having 3 to 6 ring atoms; or an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

Compounds of formula (I) have antibacterial activity:

##STR00001##

wherein R represents hydrogen or 1, 2 or 3 optional substituents; W is C(R.sub.1) or N; R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an optional substituent and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, methyl, or fluorine; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together are CH.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, O, or, in either orientation, OCH.sub.2 or OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2; R.sub.3 is a radical of formula -(Alk.sup.1).sub.m-(Z).sub.p-(Alk.sup.2).sub.n-Q wherein m, p and n are independently 0 or 1, provided that at least one of m, p and n is 1, Z is O, S, S(O), S(O.sub.2), NH, N(CH.sub.3), N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3), C(O), O(CO), C(O)O, or an optionally substituted divalent monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical having 3 to 6 ring atoms; or an optionally substituted divalent bicyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 10 ring atoms; Alk.sup.1 and Alk.sup.2 are optionally substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkenylene, or C.sub.2-C.sub.6 alkynylene radicals, which may optionally terminate with or be interrupted by O, S, S(O), S(O.sub.2), NH, N(CH.sub.3), or N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.3); and Q is hydrogen, halogen, nitrile, or hydroxyl or an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic radical having 3 to 6 ring atoms; or an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocyclic radical having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

A method for the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) bismuth (bismuthene) and a use of this material as a photoredox catalyst are provided. The 2D bismuthene is prepared by a liquid-phase exfoliation of the 3D-layered bismuth. The photoredox catalyst is used for the C-H functionalization reactions for the synthesis of complex molecules under versatile conditions.

A method for the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) bismuth (bismuthene) and a use of this material as a photoredox catalyst are provided. The 2D bismuthene is prepared by a liquid-phase exfoliation of the 3D-layered bismuth. The photoredox catalyst is used for the C-H functionalization reactions for the synthesis of complex molecules under versatile conditions.

An ambipolar molecule, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof are described. The chemical structure general formula of the ambipolar molecule provided by this application is represented by formula I.

##STR00001## where R includes a Lewis base group, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, and X.sub.5 each include at least one of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, and X.sub.5 are not simultaneously hydrogen, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The ambipolar molecule of this application simultaneously possesses a Lewis acid group and a Lewis base group, enabling it to passivate two types of defects at perovskite grain boundaries, namely undercoordinated anions and undercoordinated cations. Thus, when used in perovskite materials, such an ambipolar molecule can significantly improve the conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite.

An ambipolar molecule, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof are described. The chemical structure general formula of the ambipolar molecule provided by this application is represented by formula I.

##STR00001## where R includes a Lewis base group, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, and X.sub.5 each include at least one of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, X.sub.4, and X.sub.5 are not simultaneously hydrogen, and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The ambipolar molecule of this application simultaneously possesses a Lewis acid group and a Lewis base group, enabling it to passivate two types of defects at perovskite grain boundaries, namely undercoordinated anions and undercoordinated cations. Thus, when used in perovskite materials, such an ambipolar molecule can significantly improve the conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite.

A compound of the following formula

##STR00001##

capable of binding to a tripartite motif (TRIM) protein E3 ubiquitin ligase (TRIM21). This application also provides a method for treating a disease associated with abnormal cell proliferation with the compound of formula (I). This application further provides a method for preparing a drug for targeted protein degradation with such compound as an intermediate.

A compound of the following formula

##STR00001##

capable of binding to a tripartite motif (TRIM) protein E3 ubiquitin ligase (TRIM21). This application also provides a method for treating a disease associated with abnormal cell proliferation with the compound of formula (I). This application further provides a method for preparing a drug for targeted protein degradation with such compound as an intermediate.