Disclosed is a method for producing a mono-cross-coupled aromatic compound (3-1) having one less leaving group than an aromatic compound (1) having at least two leaving groups, the method comprising: preparing the aromatic compound (1) having at least two leaving groups; preparing a compound (2) capable of undergoing a cross-coupling reaction selected from an aromatic boronic acid (2-1), an aromatic amino compound (2-2), a diboronic acid ester (2-3), an aromatic compound (2-4) having a hydroxyl group and an aromatic compound (2-5) having a thiol group; and performing a cross-coupling reaction of the aromatic compound (1) having at least two leaving groups with the compound (2) in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a base, in the absence of a solvent.

Disclosed are a salt represented by formula (I), an acid generator, and a resist composition including the same:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.9 each represent a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, etc., A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each represent a hydrocarbon group, the group may have a substituent, —CH.sub.2— in the group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —S—, etc., X.sup.4, X.sup.5 and X.sup.6 each represent —O— or —S—, m1 represents an integer of 1 to 5, m2, m3, m8 and m9 represent an integer of 0 to 5, m4, m5 and m6 represent an integer of 0 to 3, m7 represents an integer of 0 to 4, 1≤m1+m7≤5, 0≤m2+m8≤5, 0≤m3+m9≤5, and AI.sup.− represents an organic anion.

Disclosed are a salt represented by formula (I), an acid generator, and a resist composition including the same:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.4 to R.sup.9 each represent a halogen atom, a haloalkyl group, etc., A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each represent a hydrocarbon group, the group may have a substituent, —CH.sub.2— in the group may be replaced by —O—, —CO—, —S—, etc., X.sup.4, X.sup.5 and X.sup.6 each represent —O— or —S—, m1 represents an integer of 1 to 5, m2, m3, m8 and m9 represent an integer of 0 to 5, m4, m5 and m6 represent an integer of 0 to 3, m7 represents an integer of 0 to 4, 1≤m1+m7≤5, 0≤m2+m8≤5, 0≤m3+m9≤5, and AI.sup.− represents an organic anion.

Certain embodiments describe antiviral compounds and related methods of using such compounds.

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and G are as defined herein; and wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof.

##STR00001##

An organic compound, a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer, a formulation and a thin film, wherein a solution of the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer exhibits a peak optical absorption spectrum red shift of at least 100 nm when the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer solution is cooled from 140° C. to room temperature.

An organic compound, a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer, a formulation and a thin film, wherein a solution of the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer exhibits a peak optical absorption spectrum red shift of at least 100 nm when the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer solution is cooled from 140° C. to room temperature.

Primarily, the present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) defined below and to their use as herbicides, in particular for controlling broad-leaved weeds and/or weed grasses in crops of useful plants and/or as plant growth regulators for influencing the growth of crops of useful plants. The present invention also relates to herbicidal or plant growth-regulating compositions comprising one or more compounds of the formula (I). Moreover, the present invention relates to processes for preparing the compounds of the formula (I).

Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein A, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and n are as defined herein. Such compounds function as thyromimetics and have utility for treating diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and fibrotic diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds are also provided, as are methods of their use and preparation.

Compounds are provided having the structure of Formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable isomer, racemate, hydrate, solvate, isotope, or salt thereof, wherein A, X.sup.1, X.sup.2, Q, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and n are as defined herein. Such compounds function as thyromimetics and have utility for treating diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders and fibrotic diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds are also provided, as are methods of their use and preparation.