The present invention is a sulfonium-salt-type polymerizable monomer represented by the following formula (1),

##STR00001## wherein “p” represents an integer of 1 to 3; R.sup.11 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sup.f represents a fluorine atom or a fluorine-atom-containing C1-6 group selected from alkyl, alkoxy, and sulfide; “q” represents an integer of 1 to 4; R.sup.ALU represents an acid-labile group; “r” represents an integer of 1 to 4; R.sup.12 represents a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; “s” represents an integer of 0 to 4; “t” represents an integer of 0 to 2; R.sup.f and —O—R.sup.ALU are bonded to adjacent carbon atoms; and A-X.sup.− represents a non-nucleophilic counterion having a polymerizable group A. This provides: a monomer to yield a polymer; the polymer contained in a resist composition; the composition having excellent solvent-solubility, sensitivity, contrast, and lithographic performance, and hardly causing pattern collapse even with fine patterning; and a patterning process using the composition.

A fluorine-containing substituted benzothiophene compound and a pharmaceutical composition and an application thereof are described. The compound has the structure as shown in formula (I), in which the definitions of each group and substituent are as described in the description. A preparation method of the compound and an anti-tumor application thereof are also described.

##STR00001##

The present invention provides a method for controlling a soybean rust fungus having an amino acid substitution of F129L on mitochondrial cytochrome b protein, by applying a compound represented by formula (I) [wherein Q represents a group represented by the following Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 or Q5 (in the formulae, .circle-solid. represents a binding site to benzene ring); X represents an oxygen atom or NH; L represents CH.sub.2, an oxygen atom or NCH.sub.3; E represents a C6-C10 aryl group, etc.; R.sup.1 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group or a cyclopropyl group, etc.; R.sup.2 represents a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group or a cyclopropyl group, etc.; R.sup.3 represents a C1-C3 alkoxy group or a C1-C3 chain hydrocarbon group, etc.; and n is 0, 1, 2, or 3] or its N oxide or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof.

##STR00001##

Provided are a 1,3-di-substituted ketene compound having a structure as represented by formula (I) and an application thereof. Such a type of compound primarily activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, and also activates PPPAδ and PPPAγ. The compound may be used to treat various diseases associated with PPAR regulation and control abnormality, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and especially in treating non-alcoholic hepatitis, and may potentially be used in the treatment of diseases comprising diabetes, obesity, fibrotic diseases, cardiovascular diseases (comprising heart failure, atherosclerosis, and so on), kidney diseases (comprising chronic kidney disease, renal failure, and so on), and brain degenerative diseases (comprising Alzheimer's disease and so on), having great application value.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein L is an optionally substituted heterocyclic group excluding unsubstituted monocyclic pyridine groups; wherein a is 0, 1 or 2; wherein R.sup.1 is H or with R.sup.2 is a bond; wherein R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkoxy or aryloxy group, or with R.sup.1 forms a bond; wherein R.sup.3 is an optionally substituted alkyl group; and wherein R.sup.4 is CH.sub.2, CMe.sub.2 or O. Such compounds may be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition in which inhibition of acute inflammation and/or promotion of its resolution and/or suppression of fibrosis.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein L is an optionally substituted heterocyclic group excluding unsubstituted monocyclic pyridine groups; wherein a is 0, 1 or 2; wherein R.sup.1 is H or with R.sup.2 is a bond; wherein R.sup.2 is an optionally substituted alkoxy or aryloxy group, or with R.sup.1 forms a bond; wherein R.sup.3 is an optionally substituted alkyl group; and wherein R.sup.4 is CH.sub.2, CMe.sub.2 or O. Such compounds may be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of a disease or condition in which inhibition of acute inflammation and/or promotion of its resolution and/or suppression of fibrosis.

##STR00001##

An object of the present invention is to provide a compound and the like that are applicable to a wet process and are useful for forming a photoresist and an underlayer film for photoresists excellent in heat resistance, solubility, and etching resistance. A compound represented by the following formula (1) can solve the problem described above.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formula (I). With reference to Formula (I), at least one of E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 independently is, or is independently substituted with, at least one reactive group, such as a (meth)acryloyl group. The compounds of the present invention can be used alone and/or in combination with polymers prepared from such compounds, such as to form or as one or more components of an alignment layer. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formula (I). With reference to Formula (I), at least one of E.sup.1 and E.sup.2 independently is, or is independently substituted with, at least one reactive group, such as a (meth)acryloyl group. The compounds of the present invention can be used alone and/or in combination with polymers prepared from such compounds, such as to form or as one or more components of an alignment layer. ##STR00001##

The present invention is directed to benzo-fused heterocyclic derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in the treatment of disorders and conditions modulated by GPR120. More particularly, the compounds of the present invention are agonists of GPR120, useful in the treatment of, such as for example, Type II diabetes mellitus.