Disclosed are a series of hydroxyl purine compounds and the use thereof as PDE2 or TNF? inhibitors, in particular, the compounds as shown in formula (I), or tautomers thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

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Disclosed are an anti-ice nucleation activator comprising a purine base or a purine base-containing polymer, and an antifreeze liquid comprising the anti-ice nucleation activator and water; a method for improving the anti-ice nucleation activity of a biological material, the method comprising bringing the anti-ice nucleation activator into contact with the biological material; and a method for preserving a biological material, the method comprising bringing the anti-ice nucleation activator into contact with a biological material.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Pd catalyzed fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloroalkyl halides in the presence of di(1-adamantyl)-n-butylphosphine and in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by homogeneous Pd catalyzed fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with fluoro, chloro and fluorochloroalkyl halides in the presence of di(1-adamantyl)-n-butylphosphine and in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl.

The present invention relates to a composition for culturing organoids and a method for culturing organoids by using the same. Since the present invention includes a compound, which can replace an essential protein component in a conventional medium, consistent stability during organoid culturing can be maintained and culturing can be performed at low cost.

The present invention relates to a composition for culturing organoids and a method for culturing organoids by using the same. Since the present invention includes a compound, which can replace an essential protein component in a conventional medium, consistent stability during organoid culturing can be maintained and culturing can be performed at low cost.

The present invention relates to cocrystals of Methylxanthines with Stilbenoids as coformers, their polymorphic forms and to the process for preparation thereof. The debittering of Methylxanthines is carried out by co-crystallization using Stilbenoids as coformers. The invention further relates to the preparation of polymorphic forms of debittered cocrystals and their use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compositions.

The present invention relates to cocrystals of Methylxanthines with Stilbenoids as coformers, their polymorphic forms and to the process for preparation thereof. The debittering of Methylxanthines is carried out by co-crystallization using Stilbenoids as coformers. The invention further relates to the preparation of polymorphic forms of debittered cocrystals and their use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compositions.