A light-emitting element with high emission efficiency and high reliability is provided.

The light-emitting element includes a host material and a guest material in a light-emitting layer. The host material has a function of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission and the guest material emits fluorescence. The molecular structure of the guest material is a structure including a luminophore and protecting groups, and five or more protecting groups are included in one molecule of the guest material. The introduction of the protecting groups into the molecule inhibits energy transfer of triplet excitation energy by the Dexter mechanism from the host material to the guest material. As the protecting group, an alkyl group or a branched-chain alkyl group is used.

A process to functionalized organo-metal compounds with silyl-based electrophiles. The process includes combining an organo-metal compound, a silyl-based functionalization agent, and an optional solvent. Functionalized silanes and silyl-terminated polyolefins can be prepared by this process.

The present disclosure is directed to a silicon-terminated organo-metal composition comprising a compound of formula (I). Embodiments relate to a process for preparing the silicon-terminated organo-metal composition comprising the compound of formula (I), the process comprising combining starting materials comprising (A) a vinyl-terminated silicon-based compound, (B) a chain shuttling agent, (C) a procatalyst, and (D) an activator, thereby obtaining a product comprising the silicon-terminated organo-metal composition. In further embodiments, the starting materials of the process may further comprise (E) a solvent and/or (F) a scavenger.

Disclosed is a network made by a method of: polymerizing a silyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate monomer, optionally copolymerized with a second acrylate or methacrylate monomer. The silyl-containing monomer has two or more acrylate or methacrylate groups. The second monomer contains no silyl groups. The second monomer comprises a urethane group, an ether group, an ester group, a urea group, an amide group, a thioether group, a hydroxyl group, or is an alkyl acrylate. The copolymerization is via radical-initiated polymerization of the acrylate or methacrylate groups. The network may be degradable upon exposure to a fluoride salt, an acid, or a base.

An organic compound is represented by formula (1). In the formula (1), R.sub.1 to R.sub.24 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group, a silyl group, and a cyano group.

##STR00001##

Nanoparticles that can be used as hydrosilylation and dehydrogenative silylation catalysts. The nanoparticles have at least one transition metal with an oxidation state of 0, chosen from the metals of columns 8, 9 and 10 of the periodic table, and at least one carbonyl ligand, preferably a silicide.

Provided are a novel isocyanide compound, a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst having excellent handling properties and storage properties that allows a hydrosilylation reaction to proceed under moderate conditions by using the isocyanide compound, and a method for producing an addition compound by a hydrosilylation reaction using the hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. A hydrosilylation reaction catalyst prepared from a catalyst precursor comprising a transition metal compound of groups 8, 9, or 10 of the periodic table, excluding platinum, such as an iron carboxylate, cobalt carboxylate, or nickel carboxylate, and a ligand comprising an isocyanide compound having an organosiloxane group.

The present disclosure relates to a capped dual-headed organoaluminum composition having the formula (I) and processes to prepare the same. In at least one aspect, the capped dual-headed organoaluminum compositions can be used in olefin polymerization.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of aryl compounds and polymers thereof that are made using methods that do not require harsh conditions or expensive reagents. The methods disclosed herein utilize precursor compounds that can be polymerized to form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polymers, such as carbon-based polymers like nanostructures (e.g., graphene or graphene-like nanoribbons).

The present invention provides a method for hydrophobization of a hydrophilic material, the method including introducing a hydrophobic group into a hydroxyl group (OH group) on a surface of the hydrophilic material. A method for hydrophobization of a hydrophilic material, the method comprising reacting a hydrophilic material to be hydrophobized with a hydrophobic group-containing silylating agent in presence of an amino acid as a reaction accelerator, to introduce a hydrophobic group-containing silyl group to a surface of the hydrophilic material. A hydrophobized silica gel column filler is produced by using the method. Further, a hydrophobized silica gel column is produced by filling a column with the hydrophobized silica gel column filler.