An organic electroluminescence device comprising an amine compound is represented by Formula 1 as a hole transport material. ##STR00001##
where Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, Ar.sub.3, and L.sub.1 are as defined in the specification.

The present invention provides a method for selectively functionalizing alkanes through a sequential biocatalytic dehydrogenation followed by isomerization-hydrofunctionalization reaction.

The present disclosure describes methods for silylating aromatic organic substrates, and associated chemical systems, said methods comprising or consisting essentially of contacting the aromatic organic substrate with a mixture of (a) at least one organosilane and (b) at least one strong base, under conditions sufficient to silylate the aromatic substrate.

A polymer containing an optionally substituted repeat unit of formula (I) wherein each R is the same or different and represents H or an electron withdrawing group, and each R.sup.1 is the same or different and represents a substituent. ##STR00001##

Provided is a compound of Chemical Formula 1:

##STR00001## wherein: Y is a direct bond, O or S; A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are each independently a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, or

##STR00002##  with the proviso that at least one of them is a naphthalene ring or

##STR00003## each X is independently CR.sub.1R.sub.2, SiR.sub.3R.sub.4, NR.sub.5, O, S, or SO.sub.2; R.sub.1 to R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, or a substituted or unsubstituted: C.sub.1-60 alkyl, C.sub.3-60 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.6-60 aryl; L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are each independently a direct bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-60 arylene or C.sub.2-60 heteroarylene; B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are each independently *—NR.sub.6R.sub.7; and R′.sub.1 and R′.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, cyano, or a substituted or unsubstituted: C.sub.1-60 alky, C.sub.1-60 alkoxy, C.sub.1-60 haloalkyl, C.sub.1-60 haloalkoxy, tri(C.sub.1-60 alkyl)silyl, or C.sub.6-60 aryl; and and an organic light emitting diode comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and at least one organic material layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic material layer contains the compound of Chemical Formula 1.

The invention relates to compounds of the general formulae (I)-(IV), which are characterized by substituents B comprising one or more sulfonic acid groups and their use as marker groups for the detection of analytes.

Compositions of matter that are useful in the preparation of plastics and paints. These compositions contain a large number of silanol groups bonded to the silicon atoms that provide water solubility and/or disperseability of such materials in aqueous solutions. In addition, these compositions contain organofunctional groups that are antimicrobial in nature. These compositions, when coupled with plastics and paints, provide antimicrobial properties to such plastics and paints as well as adhesion properties.

A silole derivative is of formula (I):

##STR00001## each of the groups in the above formula is defined as those in the description. The silole derivative of formula (I) has aggregation-induced emission performance, and is particularly applicable in luminescent parts and devices, fluorescent probes, biological imaging, lubricating oils and greases. A lubricating grease composition has photoluminescence performance, as well as one or more of advantageous anti-oxidation properties, anti-wear properties, extreme pressure properties and anti-rust properties. It is applicable in many mechanical equipment in electrical industry, metallurgical industry, food industry, paper industry, automobile industry and aircraft industry.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a functionalized processing aid represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 in which a silane-based compound and a cardanol-derived structure are combined, a preparation method thereof, and a rubber composition including the same:

(R.sub.1).sub.3Si—R.sub.2—Z-(E).sub.n  [Chemical Formula 1] in Chemical Formula 1, the definitions of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, Z, E, and n are as described in the specification.

A compound represented by formula (i) has, as K.sup.i1 in the formula (i), a structure represented by any one of formula (K-1) to formula (K-3). When used in a liquid crystal composition, it adheres to substrates which hold the liquid crystal composition (liquid crystal layer) therebetween, thereby permitting liquid crystal molecules to be maintained in the state of being aligned in the vertical direction. The liquid crystal composition using the compound enables liquid crystal molecules to be aligned even when the PI layer is not provided (vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules is induced without the voltage applied and horizontal alignment of liquid crystal molecules is realized with the voltage applied). It is possible to provide a polymerizable compound being excellent in storability and capable of uniform vertical alignment of liquid crystal molecules with no PI layer provided.