The object is to provide a composition capable of forming a surface layer with excellent abrasion resistance, a substrate with a surface layer, and a method for producing a substrate with a surface layer. It is also an object to provide new compounds and their production methods.

The composition of the invention comprises a first component made of a fluorinated ether compound having a poly(oxyfluoroalkylene) chain and a reactive silyl group, and at least one type of second component selected from compound (A) (R.sup.fa—(OX.sup.a).sub.m1-L.sup.a-CZ.sup.a1═CH.sub.2) and compound (B) (CH.sub.2═CZ.sup.b2-L.sup.b2-(OX.sup.b).sub.m2-L.sup.b1-CZ.sup.b1═CH.sub.2), where R.sup.fa is a fluoroalkyl group, X.sup.a and X.sup.b are fluoroalkylene groups, L.sup.a is a single bond or a divalent linking group (but excluding (OX.sup.a).sub.na), L.sup.b1 and L.sup.b2 are single bonds or divalent linking groups (but excluding (OX.sup.b).sub.nb), Z.sup.a1, Z.sup.b1 and Z.sup.b2 are fluorine atoms or trifluoromethyl groups, and m1 and m2 are integers of 2 or more.

Process for preparing polysulfane silanes of the formula I
(R.sup.1O).sub.3-mR.sup.2.sub.mSi—R.sup.3—S.sub.x—R.sup.3—SiR.sup.2.sub.m(OR.sup.1).sub.3-m  I,
by reaction of silane of the formula II
(R.sup.1O).sub.3-mR.sup.2.sub.mSi—R.sup.3-Hal  II,
with one or more metal sulfides of the formula III
Me(SH).sub.f and/or Me.sub.3-fS.sub.x-y  III,
optionally in the presence of one or more salts of monohydric or polyhydric acids,
with the optional addition of y mol of sulfur in aqueous R.sup.1—OH solution, wherein the water content of the aqueous R.sup.1—OH solution is 5% to 40% by weight,
wherein a. the process stream from the reaction of silane of the formula II with one or more metal sulfides of the formula III, optionally in the presence of one or more salts and optionally with the addition of sulfur, in aqueous R.sup.1—OH solution, comprising polysulfane silanes of the formula I, silane of the formula II, metal sulfides of the formula III, solvent R.sup.1—OH, water and process salts,
is combined with the wash solution from step d, comprising solvent R.sup.1—OH, water and polysulfane silanes of the formula I, b. the solvent R.sup.1—OH and water are removed by distillation, c. the remaining suspension comprising polysulfane silane of the formula I and process salt is subjected to a filtration or a sedimentation and d. the process salt from step c is washed with solvent R.sup.1—OH and then dried, the wash solution comprising solvent R.sup.1—OH, water and polysulfane silane of the formula I is recycled to process step a.

In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises a medicant. The medicant moiety can be an illudofulvene analog. In an embodiment of the invention, a composition for treating a cell population comprises an Affinity Medicant Conjugate (AMC). The affinity moiety can be an antibody, an antibody fragment, a receptor protein, a peptidic growth factor, an anti-angiogenic protein, a specific binding peptide, protease cleavable peptide, a glycopeptide, a peptide, a peptidic toxin, a protein toxin and an oligonucleotide. The affinity moiety can be covalently bound to the medicant via a linker.

Diphthalonitrile compounds of formula I:

##STR00001##

in free or salt or solvate form, wherein: Ar.sup.1 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.10-aryl group; Ar.sup.2 is a C.sub.6-C.sub.10-aryl group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently C.sub.3-C.sub.10-alkyl; T is a C.sub.6-C.sub.10-aryl group; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or a mixture thereof; Cured diphthalonitrile thermosets are provided by curing resin blends of such compounds.

The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including a silsesquioxane bonded to a sulfonimide salt, wherein the sulfonimide salt is shown by the following general formula (1): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms that may have an aromatic group, an ether group, or an ester group, or an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; Rf represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms containing at least one fluorine atom; M.sup.+ is an ion selected from a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, and a silver ion. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried.

Compounds and methods for inhibiting cofilin activity or reducing total cofilin, improving motor deficits, attenuating LPS-induced microglial activation and inflammation, reducing microglial migration and proliferation, reducing TNF-α, reducing NF-κB, and improving motor deficits in a subject are described.

Nanocomposite silicon and carbon compositions. These compositions can be made from polymer derived ceramics, and in particular, polysilocarb precursors. The nanocomposite can have non-voids or be nano-void free and can form larger macro-structures and macro-composite structures. The nanocomposite can contain free carbon domains in an amorphous SiOC matrix.

A fluoro(poly)ether group-containing silane compound represented by any of the formulae (A1), (A2), (B1), (B2), (C1), or (C2). In the formulae, PFPE is each independently at each occurrence a group represented by the formula: —(OC.sub.3F.sub.6).sub.d—, wherein the repeating unit OC.sub.3F.sub.6 of the formula includes a branched structure, and d is an integer of 2 or more and 200 or less. The symbols are as defined in the description.

An aqueous solution composition containing a co-hydrolysate or a co-hydrolytic condensate of an organosilicon compound of formula (1) and an organosilicon compound of formula (2), or both the co-hydrolysate and the co-hydrolytic condensate: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is an alkyl group having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, X is a halogen atom, m is an integer of 1 to 20, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

A contaminant-sequestering coating includes a network of hydrolyzed silane compounds. The hydrolyzed silane compounds include a hydrophilic polar head region, a hydrophobic linker, and an anchor region including a silicon atom. The network of hydrolyzed silane compounds is devoid or substantially devoid of fluorine atoms. Methods of destroying one or more perfluoroalkyl and/or polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) compounds present in a contaminant-containing liquid are also provided.