A system, method and leak signal discriminator for detection of a leak or mechanical breach in a catheter shaft in the presence of an electrical interferer are disclosed. According to one aspect, a leak signal discriminator having a leak detection circuit is configured to distinguish between a leak signal arising from a leak in a catheter and an interfering signal arising from an electrical interferer. The leak signal discriminator includes circuitry configured to receive from the leak detection circuit a response signal responsive to a test signal the test signal having component signals, each component signal being at a different frequency, and distinguish between a leak and an electrical interferer based at least in part on an evaluation of the response signal

The present invention relates to comprehensive systems, devices and methods for delivering energy to tissue for a wide variety of applications, including medical procedures (e.g., tissue ablation, resection, cautery, vascular thrombosis, treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and dysrhythmias, electrosurgery, tissue harvest, etc.). In certain embodiments, systems, devices, and methods are provided for delivering energy to difficult to access tissue regions (e.g. peripheral lung tissues), and/or reducing the amount of undesired heat given off during energy delivery.

Transducer-based systems and methods may be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Transducer activation characteristics, such as initiation time, activation duration, activation sequence, and energy delivery characteristics, can vary based on numerous factors. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers. Activation requests for a set of transducers can be denied if it is determined that a transducer in the set of transducers is unacceptable for activation.

Described herein is a system including a catheter, an optical circuit, a pulsed field ablation energy source, and a processing device. The catheter includes a proximal section, a distal section, and a shaft coupled between the proximal section and the distal section. The optical circuit is configured to transport light at least partially from the proximal section to the distal section and back. The pulsed field ablation energy source is coupled to the catheter and configured to transmit pulsed electrical signals to a tissue sample. The processing device is configured to analyze one or more optical signals received from the optical circuit to determine changes in polarization or phase retardation of light reflected or scattered by the tissue sample, and determine changes in a birefringence of the tissue sample based on the changes in polarization or phase retardation.

Described herein are catheters for use in analyzing neural activity of nerves that surround a biological lumen. Such a catheter comprises a handle including a first, second, and third actuators, and a shaft extending from the handle and including proximal and distal electrodes that are selectively deployable. The first actuator is configured to selectively deploy the proximal electrode in response to the first actuator being manually maneuvered. The second actuator is configured to selectively deploy the distal electrode in response to the second actuator being manually maneuvered. The third actuator is configured to selectively adjust a longitudinal distance between the proximal and distal electrodes in response to the third actuator being manually maneuvered.

A device, system, and method for treating an area of tissue and evaluating lesion formation and quality. The system may include a medical device having a plurality of mapping electrodes on a treatment element, the plurality of mapping electrodes being configured to record from the area of tissue at least one of unipolar impedance measurements, bipolar impedance measurements, local electrical activity, and pace threshold measurements before, during, and after circulation of the cryogenic fluid within the treatment element. These measurements may be transmitted to a control unit having processing circuitry configured to compare pre-treatment measurements, in-treatment measurements, and/or post-treatment measurements to each other and/or to threshold values to determine occlusion and/or lesion quality, such as lesion transmurality.

A cryoballoon control device (2), catheter system and temperature display method are disclosed. The control device (2) acquires a plurality of balloon circumference temperature values obtained by circumference temperature sensors (4) circumferentially disposed on a cryoballoon (1) and a balloon center temperature value obtained from a center temperature sensor (5) disposed at a center of the cryoballoon (1) and, automatically adjusts a flow rate of a coolant introduced into the cryoballoon (1) based on a comparison between a preset balloon temperature value and a comparative temperature value, to enable a temperature adjustment to the cryoballoon (1), wherein the comparative temperature value is the balloon center temperature value, any one of the balloon circumference temperature values, or a computational temperature value derived by a predefined algorithm from the plurality of balloon circumference temperature values. The cryoballoon catheter system is configured to display, on the display device (3), a plurality of balloon circumference temperature representation graphs surrounding a balloon center temperature representation graph, wherein when one of the balloon circumference temperature values exceeds a first predetermined threshold range, a corresponding one of the balloon circumference temperature representation graphs indicates a first alert condition which prompts an operator to adjust temperature of the cryoballoon (1).

Provided herein is an apparatus having a first tubular body, a second tubular body disposable within the first tubular body, a first plurality of fenestrations in fluid communication with a gallbladder lumen, and an expandable body disposed around the first plurality of fenestrations. The first plurality of fenestrations is configured to deliver a phase changing ablation medium by spraying the phase changing ablation medium in a spatially diffuse pattern into the space defined by the expandable body between the first plurality of fenestrations and the wall of the gallbladder. The first tubular body and the second tubular body define an annular flow path. A pressure sensor measures intraluminal pressure of the gallbladder. A control unit is coupled to the pressure sensor.

Devices, systems, and methods for treating cardiac arrhythmia are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein deliver interrogating energy to tissue at a position on a wall of an anatomical structure of a patient. If the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein detect a change in electrical activity of the anatomical structure in response to the interrogating energy, the devices, systems, and methods disclosed herein can apply irreversible therapy to the tissue. In some embodiments, the change in electrical activity corresponds to slowing or termination of a detected arrhythmia

Liners for cryogenic treatment systems are described where a cryogenic fluid or gas may be introduced into a liner expanded within a body lumen such as the uterine cavity. The liner may be intentionally sized to be substantially larger than the typical size of the uterine cavity, e.g., 1.2 times (or more), greater than the size of the uterine cavity into which the liner is inserted. Because the liner is sized intentionally larger than the body lumen to be treated, the liner may never fully expand when deployed. But even with folds or portions of the liner being folded upon itself, the liner may remain sufficiently supple such that the resulting uncontrolled folds allow for complete conformance of the liner against the anatomy of the contacted tissue.