A method for producing a phosphate diester or a phosphate triester is provided in which the phosphate diester or the phosphate triester can be produced from phosphoric acid and a hydroxy compound. Phosphoric acid and a phenol, which is used in excess with respect to the phosphoric acid, are subjected to dehydrating condensation with heating and refluxing. Water released during this dehydrating condensation is adsorbed onto a dehydrating material, which is an adsorbent derived from concrete sludge, disposed somewhere in the refluxing channel, thereby producing a phosphate diester or a phosphate triester.

The present disclosure relates to protective coatings e.g., on agricultural products, that can include a glycerophospholipid bilayer structure formed on the surface of the agricultural product.

The present invention includes a method of reducing or eliminating a cardiotoxic or cardiopathic effect of one or more active agents comprising: administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of one or more lipids that reduce or eliminate the cardiotoxic effect of the one or more active agents, wherein the lipid has formula:

##STR##

.

The present invention includes a method of reducing or eliminating a cardiotoxic or cardiopathic effect of one or more active agents comprising: administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of one or more lipids that reduce or eliminate the cardiotoxic effect of the one or more active agents, wherein the lipid has formula:

##STR##

.

The present disclosure relates to compounds of Formula (I) or (II): (Formulae (I), (II)), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates thereof. The present disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and therapeutic and diagnostic uses of the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are compounds of Formulas (I), (II), (III), (IV), and (V):

##STR00001##

and/or a salt thereof, wherein R.sub.1 is —OH or —OP(O)(OH).sub.2, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.a, R.sub.b, and R.sub.c are defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of using such compounds as selective agonists for G protein-coupled receptor S1P.sub.1, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds. These compounds are useful in treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as autoimmune diseases and vascular disease.

Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I):

##STR00001##

or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, L.sup.4, M, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.

Compounds useful as fluorescent or colored dyes are disclosed. The compounds have the following structure (I):

##STR00001##

or a stereoisomer, tautomer or salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, L.sup.4, M, m and n are as defined herein. Methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds are also provided.

The present disclosure provides compounds useful as ionizable cationic lipids. The ionizable cationic lipids are useful for preparing lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to cells. Cationic ionizable lipids were engineered with improved stability to oxidative degradation while in storage.

Provided are novel prodrugs of treprostinil, as well as methods of making and methods of using these prodrugs.