The present invention relates to a process for preparing a mixture M1 of enol phosphate isomers devoid of (E,E) isomer and comprising at least 98% of (E,Z) isomer, at least 0.1% of (Z,Z) isomer and at least 0.1% of (Z,E) isomer, comprising bringing a mixture of isomers of said enol phosphate comprising a detectable amount of (E,E) isomer into contact with a hydrolysable dienophile in an organic solvent, followed by base hydrolysis of the medium obtained and elimination of the adduct formed, in order to obtain the mixture M1 devoid of (E,E) isomer.

The present disclosure generally relates to the field of ultrasensitive microbial pathogen detection and identification utilizing genomic sequence recognition.

Disclosed a chemiluminescence enhancer and a chemiluminescence immunodetection kit. The chemiluminescence enhancer is specifically a betaine and can be used for enhancing the luminance of a luminescent acridine substance. The chemiluminescence immunodetection kit comprising the chemiluminescence enhancer and a luminescent acridine substance features greatly enhanced luminescence signals and high detection sensibility, and can be widely applied to fields such as clinical diagnoses, scientific research, and sanitation analysis.

Disclosed a chemiluminescence enhancer and a chemiluminescence immunodetection kit. The chemiluminescence enhancer is specifically a betaine and can be used for enhancing the luminance of a luminescent acridine substance. The chemiluminescence immunodetection kit comprising the chemiluminescence enhancer and a luminescent acridine substance features greatly enhanced luminescence signals and high detection sensibility, and can be widely applied to fields such as clinical diagnoses, scientific research, and sanitation analysis.

Provided herein are phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphonates, and phosphinates, methods of making same, and methods of using these compounds and methods for the generation of pharmaceutically relevant phosphate, phosphonate, and phosphinate analogs. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.

Embodiments described herein are directed to oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates that have non-reactive end groups, methods for making such oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates, and compositions containing such oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates. The oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates of such embodiments may be incorporated into engineering polymeric into which they are mixed to make polymer compositions having good flame retardancy and mechanical properties.

Embodiments described herein are directed to oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates that have non-reactive end groups, methods for making such oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates, and compositions containing such oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates. The oligomeric phosphonates and polyphosphonates of such embodiments may be incorporated into engineering polymeric into which they are mixed to make polymer compositions having good flame retardancy and mechanical properties.

An electrolyte including: a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; a compound represented by Formula 1; and a compound represented by Formula 2

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.11, and R.sub.12 in Formulae 1 and 2 are as described in the detailed description.

An electrolyte including: a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; a compound represented by Formula 1; and a compound represented by Formula 2

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.11, and R.sub.12 in Formulae 1 and 2 are as described in the detailed description.

A lithium secondary battery includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode; and an electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the positive electrode includes a positive active material represented by Formula 1, and the electrolyte includes a lithium salt; a non-aqueous solvent; and a phosphite compound represented by Formula 2, wherein the phosphite compound is present in amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt % based on a total weight of the electrolyte:
Li.sub.xNi.sub.yM.sub.1-yO.sub.2-zA.sub.zFormula 1 ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, 0.9x1.2, 0.7y0.98, and 0z<0.2; M comprises Al, Mg, Mn, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Bi, or a combination thereof; and A is an element having an oxidation number of 1 or 2; wherein in Formula 2, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 are independently an unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl group or an unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group.