A compound having a chemical formula according to Formula (I) is disclosed where one of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is and one of the Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, and Z.sub.3 that is bonded to a carbon atom that is adjacent to the carbon atom bonded to is P(AR.sub.1)(AR.sub.2). Metal-based catalyst and pre-catalysts, such as nickel-based catalysts and precatalysts, where the metal is complexed to the compound are also disclosed. Methods of forming C(sp2)-N bonds are also disclosed.

Disclosed a chemiluminescence enhancer and a chemiluminescence immunodetection kit. The chemiluminescence enhancer is specifically a betaine and can be used for enhancing the luminance of a luminescent acridine substance. The chemiluminescence immunodetection kit comprising the chemiluminescence enhancer and a luminescent acridine substance features greatly enhanced luminescence signals and high detection sensibility, and can be widely applied to fields such as clinical diagnoses, scientific research, and sanitation analysis.

Disclosed a chemiluminescence enhancer and a chemiluminescence immunodetection kit. The chemiluminescence enhancer is specifically a betaine and can be used for enhancing the luminance of a luminescent acridine substance. The chemiluminescence immunodetection kit comprising the chemiluminescence enhancer and a luminescent acridine substance features greatly enhanced luminescence signals and high detection sensibility, and can be widely applied to fields such as clinical diagnoses, scientific research, and sanitation analysis.

A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.

Dihydrogen metaphosphate can be synthesized via protonation, and can react with a dehydrating agent to afford tetrametaphosphate anhydride. A monohydrogen tetrametaphosphate organic ester can be derived from the anhydride. A metal tetrametaphosphate complex can be prepared using a metal salt and a dihydrogen tetrametaphosphate.

The present invention relates to a phosphorous acid compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group, a C.sub.5-8 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.6-12 alkyl cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.7-12 aralkyl group or a C.sub.6-12 aryl group; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group; and R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.3-25 alkylene group, a stabilizer for organic materials containing the phosphorous acid compound, a method for stabilizing an organic material in which the phosphorous acid compound is added to the organic material, and a stabilized organic material composition containing an organic material and the phosphorous acid ester compound.

The present invention relates to a phosphorous acid compound represented by formula (I): ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group, a C.sub.5-8 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.6-12 alkyl cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.7-12 aralkyl group or a C.sub.6-12 aryl group; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-3 alkyl group; and R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.3-25 alkylene group, a stabilizer for organic materials containing the phosphorous acid compound, a method for stabilizing an organic material in which the phosphorous acid compound is added to the organic material, and a stabilized organic material composition containing an organic material and the phosphorous acid ester compound.

The invention relates to a process for purifying an ionic liquid comprising dialkylimidazolium ions by means of stripping, wherein water vapor is used at a particular temperature. The process according to the invention is characterized in that the decomposition of the ionic liquid is minimized during the procedure of the process.

The invention relates to a process for purifying an ionic liquid comprising dialkylimidazolium ions by means of stripping, wherein water vapor is used at a particular temperature. The process according to the invention is characterized in that the decomposition of the ionic liquid is minimized during the procedure of the process.

A process of forming a resveratrol-based flame retardant small molecule with a phosphonate/phosphinate molecule that includes a chloride group and a terminal functional group.