The invention relates to thiophosphates and derivatives thereof useful as antiwear additive components, lubricant additive compositions and lubricant compositions each comprising such compounds, methods for making and using the same, including methods of lubricating machines and machine parts and methods of extending the useful life of elastomeric seal components of such machines.

The present invention has an object to provide a phosphoramidite activator that improves a solubility of 5-benzylthio-1H-tetrazole in acetonitrile and does not reduce the yield and a purity of a target product. The present invention relates to a phosphoramidite activator containing (i) at least one compound that is selected from the group consisting of piperidine, pyrrolidine, N-alkylpiperidine, and N-alkylpyrrolidine, (ii) 5-benzylthio-1H-tetrazole, and (iii) acetonitrile; and a method for activating a phosphoramidite and a method for synthesizing a phosphate ester or a thiophosphate ester, both methods using the activator.

The present invention has an object to provide a phosphoramidite activator that improves a solubility of 5-benzylthio-1H-tetrazole in acetonitrile and does not reduce the yield and a purity of a target product. The present invention relates to a phosphoramidite activator containing (i) at least one compound that is selected from the group consisting of piperidine, pyrrolidine, N-alkylpiperidine, and N-alkylpyrrolidine, (ii) 5-benzylthio-1H-tetrazole, and (iii) acetonitrile; and a method for activating a phosphoramidite and a method for synthesizing a phosphate ester or a thiophosphate ester, both methods using the activator.