-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates, capable of passing through the blood-brain barrier, and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and methods of using the compounds for treating tumors are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit an improved selectivity toward tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit an increased efficacy on a variety of tumor types.

The disclosure relates to chemical compositions that can include anchor molecules for chemical synthesis. GAP anchor molecules can include GAP constituents, linker constituents, and spacer constituents. Anchor molecules can be used to synthetically manufacture peptides. A novel method of solution-phase peptide synthesis is also disclosed that utilizes novel group-assisted purification protecting groups to facilitate efficient, scalable chemistry to synthetically manufacture peptides.

The present disclosure provides a phosphorus-containing compound represented by Formula (1), a resin composition comprising the phosphorus-containing compound, and an article made from the resin composition. The phosphorus-containing compound can achieve halogen-free flame retardancy while satisfying the requirements of excellent dielectricity, high copper foil peeling strength, high glass transition temperature, low percent thermal expansion and excellent heat resistance after moisture absorption. The resin composition comprises the following components or a prepolymer thereof: (A) 100 parts by weight of an unsaturated C?C double bond-containing polyphenylene ether resin; and (B) 15 parts by weight to 90 parts by weight of the phosphorus-containing compound represented by Formula (1); wherein the prepolymer is obtained from a mixture through prepolymerization, and the mixture comprises at least the component (A) and the component (B).

##STR00001##

-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.

The invention relates to complexing agents of formula (I): ##STR00001##
in which A, chrom1, chrom2 and chrom3 are as defined in the description. The invention also relates to the lanthanide complexes obtained from these complexing agents.

A flame-retardant epoxy resin composition wherein (A) epoxy resin, (B) a curing agent and (C) a phosphorous-containing compound expressed by the following general formula (1) are contained; a prepreg using the same and a laminated plate using said prepreg;

##STR00001##

wherein m expresses an integer from 2 to 10, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently express an alkyl group or an aryl group, R.sup.3 expresses a hydrocarbon group that may contain an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom, X expresses an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y expresses an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or NR.sup.4, and in this regard, R.sup.4 expresses a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an aryl group.

-Substituted -amino acids, -substituted -amino acid derivatives, and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres and their use as chemotherapeutic agents are disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres are selective LAT1/4F2hc substrates and exhibit rapid uptake and retention in tumors expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter. Methods of synthesizing the -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and methods of using the compounds for treating cancer are also disclosed. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs exhibit selective uptake in tumor cells expressing the LAT1/4F2hc transporter and accumulate in cancerous cells when administered to a subject in vivo. The -substituted -amino acid derivatives and -substituted -amino acid analogs and (bio)isosteres exhibit cytotoxicity toward several tumor types.

The present invention relates primarily to a process for preparing certain phosphorus-containing cyanohydrins of the formula (I), and also to certain phosphorus-containing cyanohydrins per se and to their use for the preparation of glufosinate and/or glufosinate salts. The present invention further relates to certain mixtures particularly suitable for preparing the phosphorus-containing cyanohydrins of the formula (I).

The present invention relates primarily to a process for preparing certain phosphorus-containing cyanohydrins of the formula (I), and also to certain phosphorus-containing cyanohydrins per se and to their use for the preparation of glufosinate and/or glufosinate salts. The present invention further relates to certain mixtures particularly suitable for preparing the phosphorus-containing cyanohydrins of the formula (I).

The present invention generally relates to processes for the enzymatic production of a phosphinothricin product or precursor thereof from a nitrile-containing substrate.