A flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linkers. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

A flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant resin, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant resin can include reacting a vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule to a resin. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules can also be bound to polymers. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

A limonene-based flame-retardant compound, a method of making a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that includes a limonene-based flame-retardant compound are provided. In an embodiment, the method includes forming a limonene-based derivative; forming a phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule; reacting the limonene-based derivative with the phosphorus-based flame-retardant molecule to form a limonene-based flame-retardant compound; and forming a flame-retardant polymer from the limonene-based flame-retardant compound. In some embodiments, the limonene-based flame-retardant compound has variable functionality including vinyl, epoxide, methylene bridges, and thioethers.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing glufosinate or analogues thereof.

A novel metal organic framework, EMM-39, is described having the structure of UiO-66 and comprising bisphosphonate linking ligands. EMM-39 has acid activity and is useful as a catalyst in olefin isomerization. Also disclosed is a process of making metal organic frameworks, such as EMM-39, by heterogeneous ligand exchange, in which linking ligands having a first bonding functionality in a host metal organic framework are exchanged with linking ligands having a second different bonding functionality in the framework.

The invention is directed toward mutant, non-wild-type organophosphorus acid anhydrolase enzymes having three site mutations, methods of production, and methods of use to effectively degrade toxic organophosphorus compounds, most preferably GP (2, 2-dimethylcyclopentyl methylphosphonofluoridate).

A flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecules. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

A novel metal organic framework, EMM-42, is described having the structure of UiO-66 and comprising bisphosphonate linking ligands. EMM-42 has acid activity and is useful as a catalyst in olefin isomerization. Also disclosed is a process of making metal organic frameworks, such as EMM-42, by heterogeneous ligand exchange, in which linking ligands having a first bonding functionality in a host metal organic framework are exchanged with linking ligands having a second different bonding functionality in the framework.

A flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linkers. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

A flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant resin, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant resin can include reacting a vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule to a resin. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules can also be bound to polymers. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.