N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are described. Methods for making N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed. Catalyst systems utilizing the N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes are also disclosed along with the use of the N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine compounds, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinates, N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidine metal salt complexes, and N.sup.2-phosphinyl amidinate metal salt complexes for the oligomerization and/or polymerization of olefins.

Disclosed herein are antibody-nanoparticle conjugates that include two or more nanoparticles (such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, iridium, or an alloy of two or more thereof) directly linked to an antibody or fragment thereof through a metal-thiol bond. Methods of making the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates disclosed herein include reacting an arylphosphine-nanoparticle composite with a reduced antibody to produce an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate. Also disclosed herein are methods for detecting a target molecule in a sample that include using an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate (such as the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates described herein) and kits for detecting target molecules utilizing the methods disclosed herein.

A method of preparing an alkyl phosphate compound based on a micro-reaction system. The micro-reaction system includes a feed pump, a first micro-mixer, a second micro-mixer, a first micro-channel reactor, a second micro-channel reactor and a back-pressure device, where the first micro-mixer, the second micro-mixer, the first micro-channel reactor, the second micro-channel reactor and the back-pressure device are sequentially connected. The method includes the following steps. An alkylamine compound and an acid-binding agent are simultaneously fed to a first micro-mixer for mixing and then to the first micro-channel reactor for pre-reaction to obtain a pre-reaction solution. The pre-reaction solution and a phosphate or phosphite are simultaneously fed to the second micro-mixer for mixing to obtain a first reaction mixture. The first reaction mixture is fed to the second micro-channel reactor to carry out a condensation reaction under a back pressure condition and is concentrated to obtain the final product.

Provided are a ligand compound having Formula 1, which exhibits high catalytic activity while exhibiting high 1-hexene and 1-octene selectivity, thereby allowing ethylene oligomerization to be achieved with excellent efficiency, an organic chromium compound, a catalyst composition including the organic chromium compound, and a method for oligomerizing ethylene by using the same;

##STR00001## wherein all the variables are described herein.

The present disclosure relates to a novel thiol reductant having the formula (I), the preparation and the use in antibody modification.

An electrolyte, a secondary battery, and an electric device. The electrolyte comprises a component, a nitrile solvent. The nitrile solvent comprises a compound represented by formula (1): wherein: L is selected from any one of C(R.sub.1R.sub.2), O, Si(R.sub.3R.sub.4), B(R.sub.5), P(R.sub.6R.sub.7R.sub.8), and N(R.sub.9); R.sub.1-R.sub.9 are each independently selected from at least one of H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1-3 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-3 carbon atoms, amino, and cyano, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not cyanos and H; R.sub.11 is an alkane chain containing 1-4 carbon atoms; R.sub.12-R.sub.14 are each independently selected from at least one of H, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl having 1-3 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-3 carbon atoms, amino, and cyano; and when L is C(R.sub.1R.sub.2), R.sub.12-R.sub.14 are not cyanos.

The present disclosure relates to a novel thiol reductant having the formula (I), the preparation and the use in the preparation of an antibody with thiol group site-specific modifications with improved homogeneity.

The present disclosure provides compounds of the formula:

##STR00001##

and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and their use in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus and obesity.