The invention provides compositions comprising copper(I) pyrazolate dimer compounds for use in OLEDs applications. The inventive compositions can be used to generate visible light colors or a color blend in electronic devices.

##STR00001##

Ultrastable silver nanoparticles, methods of making the same, and methods of using the same, are disclosed.

The present invention provides a compound having a low melting point, enhanced volatility, and excellent thermal stability, and a method for producing a lithium-containing film. The compound is represented by the following formula (1).

##STR00001##

(In the formula (1), A is a nitrogen atom, a phosphorus atom, a boron atom, or an aluminum atom; E.sub.1 and E.sub.2 are independently a carbon atom, a silicon atom, a germanium atom, or a tin atom; R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 are independently a hydrogen atom or a C1-10 hydrocarbon group having a constituent atom optionally substituted with a heteroatom; however, all of R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 may not be a hydrogen atom; D is a monodentate or polydentate neutral ligand structure; x is 0 or an integer of 1 or greater, and y is an integer of 1 or greater; however, if A is a nitrogen atom and none of the carbon atoms constituting R.sub.1 to R.sub.6 is substituted with a heteroatom, x is a number of 1 or greater and y is a number of 1 or greater; and if there are more than one of A, E.sub.1, E.sub.2, and R.sub.1 to R.sub.6, these may be the same or different.)

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1:

##STR00001##

wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are each independently a Period 1 transition metal, a Period 2 transition metal, or a Period 3 transition metal in the periodic table of elements; and wherein L.sub.1, L.sub.2, a1, a2, Ar.sub.1, Ar.sub.2, R.sub.1 to R.sub.4, and LK in Formula 1 are as described in the present disclosure.

A method for preparing phosphine-borane complexes from aryldihalophosphine includes mixing sodium borohydride, a solvent having at least 50 vol % glycol ethers, and the aryldihalophosphine to obtain a solution. The solution is maintained at a reaction temperature for a duration of time to obtain the phosphine-borane complexes. The solvent may include 1,2-dimethoxyethane and tetrahydrofuran. A ratio of tetrahydrofuran to 1,2-dimethoxyethane in the solvent may be from 0.1:1.0 to 2.5:1.0.

An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1

##STR00001## wherein, M.sub.1 to M.sub.4 are each independently a first-row transition metal, a second-row transition metal, or a third-row transition metal; X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are each independently C(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6), Si(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6), N(R.sub.5), O, S, Se, or Te; W.sub.1 to W.sub.4 are each independently N(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8), P(R.sub.7)(R.sub.8), S(R.sub.7), a C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a; L.sub.1 to L.sub.6 are each independently a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkylene group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a C.sub.5-C.sub.60 carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, or a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R.sub.10a, a3 to a6 are each independently an integer from 0 to 3, and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 and R.sub.10a in Formula 1 are as described herein.

Vanadium phosphinic complex having general formula (I) or (II):

V(X).sub.3[P(R.sub.1).sub.n(R.sub.2).sub.3-n].sub.2  (I)

V(X).sub.3[(R.sub.3).sub.2P(R.sub.4)P(R.sub.3).sub.2]  (II)

wherein: X represents an anion selected from halogens; or is selected from the following groups: thiocyanate, isocyanate, sulfate, acid sulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, carboxylate, dicarboxylate; R.sub.1, identical or different among them, represent a hydrogen atom, or an allyl group (CH.sub.2═CH—CH.sub.2—); or are selected from alkyl groups C.sub.1-C.sub.20, linear or branched, optionally halogenated, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups; n is an integer ranging from 0 to 3; R.sub.2, identical or different among them, are selected from optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.3, identical or different among them, represent a hydrogen atom, or an allyl group (CH.sub.2═CH—CH.sub.2—); or are selected from alkyl groups C.sub.1-C.sub.20, linear or branched, optionally halogenated, optionally substituted cycloalkyl groups, optionally substituted aryl groups; R.sub.4 represents a group —NR.sub.5 wherein R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom, or is selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl groups, linear or branched; or R.sub.4 represents an alkylene group —(CH.sub.2)p- wherein p represents an integer ranging from 1 to 5;
provided that in the general formula (I), in case n is equal to 1 and R.sub.1 is methyl, R.sub.2 is different from phenyl.
Said phosphinic vanadium complex having general formula (I) or (II) can be advantageously used in a catalytic system for the (co)polymerization of conjugated dienes.

Disclosed herein are antibody-nanoparticle conjugates that include two or more nanoparticles (such as gold, palladium, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, cobalt, iridium, or an alloy of two or more thereof) directly linked to an antibody or fragment thereof through a metal-thiol bond. Methods of making the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates disclosed herein include reacting an arylphosphine-nanoparticle composite with a reduced antibody to produce an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate. Also disclosed herein are methods for detecting a target molecule in a sample that include using an antibody-nanoparticle conjugate (such as the antibody-nanoparticle conjugates described herein) and kits for detecting target molecules utilizing the methods disclosed herein.

The present invention provides a novel cationic ruthenium complex which is easy to produce and handle and can be procured at a relatively low cost and a production method for the ruthenium complex, a method for producing an alcohol or the like using the ruthenium complex as a catalyst, a method for producing a carbonyl compound using the ruthenium complex as a catalyst, and a method for producing a N-alkylamine compound using the ruthenium complex as a catalyst. The present invention pertains to a ruthenium complex represented by general formula (1): [RuX(CO).sub.2(PNP)]Y (wherein, X represents a monovalent anionic monodentate ligand, Y represents a counter anion, PNP represents a tridentate ligand, and CO represents carbon monoxide), a production method for the ruthenium complex, a catalyst containing the ruthenium complex, and a production method for various organic compounds using the catalyst.

Disclosed herein are mono- and di-substituted tetrazines and methods of their preparation and converting an oxetanyl ester to a thio-substituted tetrazine, which is then converted to a mono-substituted tetrazine, a di-substituted tetrazine, or a vinylether disubstituted tetrazine.