Disclosed are chemical entities which are compounds of formula (I):

##STR00001##

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; wherein Y, R.sup.a, R.sup.a′, R.sup.b, R.sup.c, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, R.sup.d, Z.sub.1, and Z.sub.2 have the values described herein and stereochemical configurations depicted at asterisked positions indicate absolute stereochemistry. Chemical entities according to the disclosure can be useful as inhibitors of Sumo Activating Enzyme (SAE). Further provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the disclosure and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of proliferative, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases or disorders.

Provided is a phosphonium compound represented by Formula (I):

##STR00001##

in Formula (I), R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are independently from each other, an alkyl group or an aryl group, the alkyl group is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkyl group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms, the aryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; X is a reactive group having a hydrazide group, a halide group, a pseudohalide group, or a thioester group; and Y.sup.− is an anion having a total charge of −1, or Y.sup.− is absence.

The invention provides novel zwitterionic monomers and polymers (including copolymers) with pendent phosphonium-based zwitterionic moieties, and compositions and products comprising same, as well as related methods and uses of the compositions, for example, as surfactants, coatings, and interlayer materials, biomedical materials or agents.

Disclosed herein are compounds that can be used to selectively detect superoxide in samples. Also disclosed herein are compositions comprising the compounds and methods of detecting superoxide using the compounds.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a (4Z)-11,11-dialkoxy-4-undecenyltriarylphosphonium halide compound of the following general formula (3-Z): wherein Y represents a halogen atom, Ar represents, independently of each other, an aryl group, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent, independently of each other, a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may form together a divalent hydrocarbon group, R.sup.1-R.sup.2, having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, the process comprising: subjecting a (7Z)-11-halo-1,1-dialkoxy-7-undecene compound of the following general formula (1-Z): wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above to a phosphonium salt formation reaction with a phosphine compound of the following general formula (2): wherein Ar is as defined above to form the (4Z)-11,11-dialkoxy-4-undecenyltriarylphosphonium halide compound (3-Z).

##STR00001##

The present invention also relates to a compound of the following general formula (A): L(CH.sub.2).sub.3CH═CH(CH.sub.2).sub.5CH(OR.sup.1)(OR.sup.2) (A) wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above.

A process for dehydrogenating and methylating silanes. The process includes providing methyl chloride that is reacted with a silane selected from the group consisting of SiH.sub.4, H.sub.2SiMe.sub.2, H.sub.2SiMeCl, H.sub.3SiMe, H.sub.3SiCl and HSiMe.sub.2Cl, in the presence of at least one ammonium and/or phosphonium salt at a temperature in the range of 70-350° C.

The invention provides novel zwitterionic monomers and polymers (including copolymers) with pendent phosphonium-based zwitterionic moieties, and compositions and products comprising same, as well as related methods and uses of the compositions, for example, as surfactants, coatings, and interlayer materials, biomedical materials or agents.

A method of producing a radiofluorinated compound comprising the steps of forming a reaction mixture comprising a reactant having a formula of R—Y and a radiofluorinating agent having a formula of R′—.sup.18F; and contacting the reaction mixture with microwave radiation to achieve a temperature of between 100° C. and 250° C. for a time sufficient to convert at least 10% of the reactant into the radiofluorinated compound having a formula of R—.sup.18F, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl (C.sub.1-C.sub.20), a cycloalkyl (C.sub.3-C.sub.10), an aryl, a heteroaryl, an aralkyl and an alkenyl group (C.sub.2-C.sub.20); Y is selected from the group consisting of a sulfonate, a nitro, an acetate and a halogen; and R′ is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal cation, an alkaline earth metal cation, a transition metal cation, an ammonium cation, and a tetraalkylammonium cation is provided.

1,7-diaryl-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione derivatives, methods for the production and use thereof.

The present invention relates to a phosphonium-based compound represented by chemical formula 1, an epoxy resin composition containing the same, and a semiconductor device manufactured by using the same.