A pump and a pump controller which uses an algorithm to quickly achieve and maintain a stable plasma field in a surgical site are provided. The algorithm calculates an electrical characteristic value to determine if a suction rate by the pump should be increased or decreased to achieve the stable plasma field. A method of using the pump and the pump controller is also provided.

A cold plasma accessory having a hand piece having within in it flexible tubing, wiring, a PCB board connected to the wiring, and a conductive connector tube electrically connected to the PCB board, the conductive connector tube having an inner channel, a rigid tube extending from the distal end of the hand piece, and an electrode within the rigid tube. The electrode comprises a conductive connector having a contact surface contacting the conductive connector tube, a distal end surface facing away from the conductive connector tube, and a channel extending through a center of the conductive connector, the channel being fluidly connected to the flexible tubing, the distal end surface of the conductive connector being outside of the channel in the conductive connector, and a conductive wire connected to the distal end surface of the conductive connector.

An instrument connection device having a flexible hose-like body with a flexible wall in which the proximal end of a hose is inserted. The hose has a lumen that extends longitudinally through the hose. A wire is arranged inside the hose, for example, inside the lumen. The wire is guided through a punctured hole in the wall that the wire may create during a penetration of wall. The punctured hole may be straight and guides the obliquely. For example, the hole may be inclined to the radial axis and the longitudinal center axis.

An elongate electrode is configured to flex and generate plasma to incise tissue. An electrical energy source operatively coupled to the electrode is configured to provide electrical energy to the electrode to generate the plasma. A tensioning element is operatively coupled to the elongate electrode. The tensioning element can be configured to provide tension to the elongate electrode to allow the elongate electrode to flex in response to the elongate electrode engaging the tissue and generating the plasma. The tensioning element operatively coupled to the flexible elongate electrode may allow for the use of a small diameter electrode, such as a 5 μm to 20 μm diameter electrode, which can allow narrow incisions to be formed with decreased tissue damage. In some embodiments, the tensioning of the electrode allows the electrode to more accurately incise tissue by decreasing variations in the position of the electrode along the incision path.

A plasma scalpel head for spinal percutaneous puncture and an operation method of the plasma scalpel head for spinal percutaneous puncture are provided. The plasma scalpel head for spinal percutaneous puncture includes a needle core. The needle core includes a main ablation electrode and a needle core body. The main ablation electrode is arranged at an ablation end of the plasma scalpel head. The needle core body is externally provided with a first insulating layer. The first insulating layer is externally provided with a reflow electrode layer. A part of the first insulating layer that is not covered with the reflow electrode layer forms a main ablation electrode protection insulating ring. The reflow electrode layer is provided thereon with a second insulating layer, and a part of the reflow electrode layer that is not covered with the second insulating layer forms a reflow electrode.

An irradiator includes: a first electrode to which a voltage is applied for generating a plasma; and a holding member holding the first electrode; wherein: the holding member has a first member and a second member that are in contact with each other to constitute an accommodation space accommodating the first electrode; and a contact surface between the first member and the second member includes a non-perpendicular contact surface that is non-perpendicular to an axis of the first electrode.

A micro-sized cold atmospheric plasma accessory. The micro-sized cold atmospheric plasma accessory comprises a tube, an active electrode within said tube, and a nozzle at a distal end of said tube, said nozzle having an inner diameter less than 1 mm and a length less than 30 mm. A distal end inner diameter of said tube is greater than said inner diameter of said nozzle. The nozzle preferable is 15-25 mm in length. The nozzle may comprise stainless steel. The tube may have an inner diameter greater than 1 mm. The nozzle preferably has a distal end inner diameter less than 280 μm. The micro-sized cold atmospheric plasma accessory may further comprise a return electrode on an outside of said tube. The tube may comprise a quartz tube

An array of non-thermal plasma emitters is controlled to emit plasma based on application of an electric current at desired frequencies and a controlled power level. A power supply for an array controller includes a transformer that operates at the resonant frequency of the combined capacitance of the array and the cable connecting the array to the power supply. The power into the array is monitored by the controller and can be adjusted by the user. The controller monitors reflected power characteristics, such as harmonics of the alternating current, to determine initiation voltage of the plasma and/or resonant frequency plasma emitters. The array of non-thermal plasma emitters may be used in therapeutic, diagnostic, and/or medical sanitization applications, including where a non-thermal plasma treatment regimen is prescribed.

An irradiator includes: a piezoelectric transformer accommodated in a housing; a first electrode connected to the piezoelectric transformer, to which a voltage is applied from the piezoelectric transformer; and an irradiation opening that ejects at least one of a plasma generated by the first electrode and an active gas generated by the plasma. At least a part of the first electrode is located between the piezoelectric transformer and the irradiation opening.

An instrument according to the invention for medical or surgical treatment of a human or animal patient comprises at least one tool suitable for influencing a patient, e.g. an electrode, which is or are located in the field of view of an optical element. The optical element is arranged inside a channel in which a fluid flow can be maintained or can be caused in distal direction. The light passage window of optical element is offset relative to the distal opening of channel in proximal direction. A closure device is arranged between light passage window and opening of channel, which blocks passage of substances, particularly passage of liquid droplets and particles, from the opening to the light passage window as long as it is in closed position. If the closure device is open, it unblocks the fluid path and the light path between the light passage window to the opening. Preferably the closure device is controlled pneumatically by means of the liquid or gaseous fluid flowing inside channel. With this measure a contamination of the light passage window during operation of the instrument can be reliably avoided or at least reduced to a minor degree.