Phosphoramidate derivatives of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine are disclosed for use in the treatment of cancer, especially in the treatment of cancer where the patient shows resistance, for example, in a patient with cells with a lowered level of nucleoside transporter proteins and/or with nucleoside kinase-deficient cells and/or with mycoplasma-infected cells and/or with cells with a raised level of thymidylate synthase.

The present invention includes compound having the following structural formula:

##STR00001##

This document relates to functionalized (e.g., mono- or bi-functional) polymers (e.g., polyethylene glycol and related polymers) as well as methods and materials for making and using such functionalized polymers.

The present disclosure provides reagents that can be used to label synthetic oligonucleotides with rhodamine dyes or dye networks that contain rhodamine dyes.

A process of forming a flame retardant material from furan dicarboxylic methyl ester (FDME) includes converting an FDME molecule to a 2,5-furan dicarbonyl dichloride (FDCC) molecule and chemically reacting the FDCC molecule with a phosphorus-containing material to form an FDME-based flame retardant material that includes a phosphorus-based flame retardant moiety.

The present invention relates to the alkylidene phosphonate esters of formula I wherein, R.sub.1 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen or alkyl group; R.sub.2 is selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, nitro, halogen, amino, N-substituted alkylamino; alkyl group is selected from a group consisting of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl; Ar is selected from a group consisting of aryl, substituted aryl, fused aryl, heteroaryl, and substituted heteroaryl. The present invention particularly relates to synthesis and p-glycoprotein induction activity of the alkylidene phosphonate esters. In addition, the invention relates to methods of using compounds for treating or preventing Alzheimer's disease.

##STR00001##

The present invention is concerned with a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a compound represented by the following general formula (X), in which a polar group (X) is bound to a phosphorus atom (P), and capable of improving electrochemical characteristics in a broad temperature range; an energy storage device using the same; and a novel compound.

##STR00001##

In the formula, R.sup.10 and R.sup.20 are each independently an organic group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, or a lithium atom; and X is a polar group (i) containing a —C(═O) group, a —P(═O) group, or an —S(═O).sub.2 group, a polar group (ii) containing a —CN group or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in which a part of hydrogen atoms is substituted with a fluorine atom, or a 4- to 7-membered ring polar group (iii) containing a —C(═O)—O— group or a —C(═O)—N— group, provided that when X is a 4- to 7-membered ring polar group (iii) containing a —C(═O)—N— group, at least one of R.sup.10 and R.sup.20 is a lithium atom.

Described herein are nucleic acid prodrugs and nucleic acid prodrugs comprising chiral phosphorous moieties. Also described herein are methods of making and using nucleic acid prodrugs and nucleic acid prodrugs comprising chiral phosphorous moieties.

A lithium battery includes a cathode including a cathode active material; an anode including an anode active material; and an organic electrolytic solution between the cathode and the anode, wherein the anode active material includes natural graphite and artificial graphite, an amount of the artificial graphite being about 50 wt % or more based on a total weight of the anode active material, and the organic electrolytic solution includes: a first lithium salt; an organic solvent; and a bicyclic sulfate-based compound represented by Formula 1 below: ##STR00001## wherein, in Formula 1, each of A.sub.1, A.sub.2, A.sub.3, and A.sub.4 is independently a covalent bond, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene group, a carbonyl group, or a sulfinyl group, in which both A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are not a covalent bond and both A.sub.3 and A.sub.4 are not a covalent bond.

The present invention provides a stable peptide-conjugated, ascorbic acid derivative, a method for preparing the same, and a cosmetic composition comprising the same as an active ingredient. The stable peptide-conjugated ascorbic acid derivative of the present invention has both the effect of whitening the skin by inhibiting melanin production and the effect of reducing skin wrinkles by activating collagen production, and may be used in a cosmetic composition.