The present invention relates to novel phosphorous (V) (P(V)) reagents

##STR00001## methods for preparing thereof, and methods for preparing nucleoside phosphorothioate compounds by using the novel reagents.

The invention provides a compound of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein X, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and X.sup.+ have any of the values described in the specification. The compounds are useful to increase plant growth and/or to increase harvest yield.

The invention provides a compound of formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein X, Y, Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and X.sup.+ have any of the values described in the specification. The compounds are useful to increase plant growth and/or to increase harvest yield.

An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The electrolyte may include a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additives (e.g., sulfolane, cyclic phosphate, cyclic phosphite) that form a cathode electrolyte interface film to protect the surface of a positive electrode. Utilization of the additives may improve cycle-life characteristics and suppress or reduce increases to resistance during high-temperature storage of the lithium secondary battery.

An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery including the same are provided. The electrolyte may include a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additives (e.g., sulfolane, cyclic phosphate, cyclic phosphite) that form a cathode electrolyte interface film to protect the surface of a positive electrode. Utilization of the additives may improve cycle-life characteristics and suppress or reduce increases to resistance during high-temperature storage of the lithium secondary battery.

Disclosed herein are cyclic thiol prodrugs, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof. The prodrugs and pharmaceutical compositions thereof may be used to treat or prevent medical disorders such as, for example, cystinuria, cystinosis, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, malaria, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, radiation poisoning, arsenic poisoning, radioprotection, Wilson's disease or rheumatoid arthritis.

The present invention relates to chiral phosphoramidimidates, their salts and metal complexes as well as derivatives thereof and their use as catalysts.

The present invention relates to chiral phosphoramidimidates, their salts and metal complexes as well as derivatives thereof and their use as catalysts.

A compound according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is represented by Formula 1. An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the compound, and a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include the electrolyte.

Provided herein are N-heterocyclic phosphines (NHPs) useful in metal-free phosphorus-carbon bond forming reactions. Methods for preparing vinylphosphonates using NHPs also are provided. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present invention.