Novel compounds and methods for the inhibition of biological barrier permeability and for the inhibition of peptide translocation across biological barriers are identified. Assays for determining modulators of biological barrier permeability and for peptide translocation across biological barriers are provided. Methods for treating diseases relating to aberrant biological barrier permeability and peptide translocation across biological barriers are provided. Such diseases include celiac disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, diabetes, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, COPD, excessive or undesirable immune response, gluten sensitivity, gluten allergy, food allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, immune-mediated or type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, scleroderma and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

The invention relates to novel methods for preparing indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compounds and their synthetic precursors.

An object is to provide a synthetic culture medium not containing animal-derived components. In particular, an object is to provide a culture medium not containing animal-derived components but containing peptides that promote cell growth or contribute to promotion of protein production. A culture medium containing a peptide selected from the group consisting of Gly-Glu-Lys (GEK), Asp-Gly-Pro (DGP), Ala-Gly-Lys (AGK), Gly-Pro-Pro (GPP), Gly-Gly-Pro (GGP), Ala-Glu-Lys (AEK), Ala-Gly-Gly (AGG), Ala-Ser-Asn (ASN), and Glu-Gly-Lys (EGK) is provided.

Novel inhibitors of IAP that are useful as therapeutic agents for treating malignancies and have the general formula I: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are as described herein.

Disclosed herein are ETBR antagonist compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods for treating cancers, and methods of forming tertiary lymphoid organs.

The present invention relates to novel compounds which effectively inhibit the melanin synthesis in human melanocytes and are thus suitable for the treatment of senile lentigines, for smoothening skin color irregularities and/or for lightening natural skin color.

The invention relates to novel methods for preparing indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compounds and their synthetic precursors.

The invention relates to novel methods for preparing indolinobenzodiazepine dimer compounds and their synthetic precursors.

Novel inhibitors of IAP that are useful as therapeutic agents for treating malignancies and have the general formula I:

##STR00001##

wherein R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3,R.sup.4,R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are as described herein.

Granzyme B inhibitor compounds, compositions that include the compounds, and methods for using the compounds. The compounds of the invention have advantageous water solubility and effectively inhibit Granzyme B.