The present invention relates to a peptide for reducing hair loss or promoting hair growth, and a cosmetic composition and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, and specifically, a cosmetic composition, and a pharmaceutical composition for treatment may be provided, which are capable of reducing hair loss and promoting hair growth by activating a Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and at the same time, promoting the activity of the collagenase MMP-2 and ALP proteins and growth hormones needed for hair growth.

The present invention is to provide a method for producing a peptide containing an N-alkylamino acid, which comprises the following Steps (1) to (3). Step (1): a step of mixing an N-terminal protected amino acid or an N-terminal protected peptide with a carboxylic acid halide or a halogenated alkyl formate; Step (2): a step of mixing an amino acid or a peptide in which the N-terminal and the C-terminal are not protected with a trialkylsilylating agent; and Step (3): a step of mixing the product obtained in Step (1) with the product obtained in Step (2).

The present invention relates to use of peptides as a therapeutic agent, wherein it has been confirmed that the peptides of the present invention significantly inhibit the activity of T cells and the differentiation of T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells), which are associated with autoimmune disease, reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokine IL-6, and have remarkable effects of treating and improving arthritis in an animal model of arthritis. Therefore, the peptides may be used as an active ingredient in therapeutic agents for various autoimmune diseases such as bone disease, inflammatory disease or rheumatoid arthritis.

There is provided a self-assembly amphiphilic peptide having the formula (I): XYZ (I), wherein X is a polar moiety at the N-terminus; X and Z each independently has between 1 to 4 residues of aliphatic amino acids or analogs or derivatives thereof, and wherein the average degree of hydrophobicity of the residues in block Z is more than the average degree of hydrophobicity of the residues in block Y. Disclosed are compositions and hydrogel comprising the peptide thereof. Also disclosed are methods of treatment for tissue regeneration, wound healing and methods of culture of stem cells, tissues and organoids.

Disclosed are a nanobarcode for controlling adhesion and differentiation of stem cells and a method of controlling adhesion and differentiation of stem cells by using nanobarcodes. The method of controlling adhesion and differentiation of stem cells of the present invention may efficiently control adhesion and differentiation of stem cells in vivo or in vitro by tuning periodicity and sequences of a ligand peptide (RGD) of a nanobarcode.

Disclosed are a nanobarcode for controlling adhesion and polarization of macrophages and a method of controlling adhesion and polarization of macrophages by using nanobarcodes. The method of controlling adhesion and polarization of macrophages of the present invention may efficiently control adhesion and phenotypic polarization of macrophages in vivo or in vitro by tuning periodicity and sequences of ligand peptide (RGD) of a nanobarcode.

Disclosed are geminoid peptide-like compound according to Formula I:

R.sup.1—C(═O)—Z.sub.n—NR.sup.3-R.sup.2  (I)

in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently saturated, partly saturated or unsaturated, straight, branched or cyclic alkyl chains, wherein R.sup.1 has a number of C atoms of 11 or more, preferably 11 to 19, and R.sup.2 has a number of C atoms of 12 or more, preferably 12 to 20; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl; n is an integer from 1-15;
each Z independently is an amino acid residue, wherein Z.sub.n comprises an N-terminus attached to C(═O) and a C-terminus that is attached to NR.sup.3, for use as a medicament.

Novel compounds and methods for the inhibition of biological barrier permeability and for the inhibition of peptide translocation across biological barriers are identified. Assays for determining modulators of biological barrier permeability and for peptide translocation across biological barriers are provided. Methods for treating diseases relating to aberrant biological barrier permeability and peptide translocation across biological barriers are provided. Such diseases include celiac disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, diabetes, cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, asthma, COPD, excessive or undesirable immune response, gluten sensitivity, gluten allergy, food allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, immune-mediated or type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, scleroderma and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

The present invention provides homing peptides that localize in central nervous system tissue characterized by neuroinflammation and methods of using the same.

The disclosure provides methods of preventing or treating heart failure in a mammalian subject. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to subjects in need thereof.