The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, thereof:

##STR00001##

which inhibit coronavirus replication activity. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable slat thereof, and methods of treating or preventing a coronavirus infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, thereof:

##STR00001##

which inhibit coronavirus replication activity. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable slat thereof, and methods of treating or preventing a coronavirus infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Unique compounds useful for inhibiting a proteasome in a cell, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of their use are provided herein.

Provided herein are tripeptide epoxy ketone protease inhibitors, methods of their preparation, related pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using the same. For example, provided herein are compounds of Formula (X): ##STR00001##
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions including the same. The compounds and compositions provided herein may be used, for example, in the treatment of diseases including inflammation and neurodegenerative disease.

One aspect of the invention provides a composition of novel high penetration compositions (HPC) or a high penetration prodrug (HPP) for treatment of Parkinson's disease. The HPCs/HPPs are capable of being converted to parent active drugs or drug metabolites after crossing the biological barrier and thus can render treatments for the conditions that the parent drugs or metabolites can. Additionally, the HPPs are capable of reaching areas that parent drugs may not be able to access or to render a sufficient concentration at the target areas and therefore render novel treatments. The HPCs/HPPs can be administered to a subject through various administration routes, e.g., locally delivered to an action site of a condition with a high concentration or systematically administered to a biological subject and enter the general circulation with a faster rate.

A compound of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and individual enantiomers or diastereomers thereof. Compositions and methods useful for treatment or suppression of diseases, developmental delays and symptoms related to oxidative stress.

##STR00001##

Compounds of Formula (I)a or (I)b:

##STR00001##

including certain quinone derivatives, and the corresponding pharmaceutical compositions, which may serve to modulate ferroptosis in a subject. Also disclosed herein are the preparations of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions and their potential uses in the manufacture of a medicament in reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell and for preventing, treating, ameliorating certain related disorder or a disease.

The present invention relates to use of peptides as a therapeutic agent, wherein it has been confirmed that the peptides of the present invention significantly inhibit the activity of T cells and the differentiation of T helper 17 cells (Th17 cells), which are associated with autoimmune disease, and have remarkable effects of treating and improving arthritis in an animal model of arthritis. Therefore, the peptides may be used as an active ingredient in therapeutic agents for various autoimmune diseases such as bone disease, inflammatory disease or rheumatoid arthritis.

The present invention discloses compounds of Formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or prodrugs thereof:

##STR00001##

which inhibit serine protease activity, particularly the activity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-NS4A protease. Consequently, the compounds of the present invention interfere with the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus and are also useful as antiviral agents. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the aforementioned compounds for administration to a subject suffering from HCV infection. The invention also relates to methods of treating an HCV infection in a subject by administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of the present invention.

The invention is directed to the use of at least one peptide of formula: X-(Xaa.sub.1).sub.n-Pro*-(Xaa.sub.2).sub.m-Y (I) With: -n=0, 1 or 2; -m=0 or 1 and if m=0 then n0 -Xaa.sub.1 is: -An hydrophobic aminoacid selected from Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (Val, V), Methionine (Met, M), Leucine (Leu, L), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P) and analogues and derivatives thereof; -A polar aminoacid selected from Serine (Ser, S), Threonine (Thr, T), Tyrosine (Tyr, Y), Asparagine (Asn, N), Glutamine (Gln, Q) and analogues and derivatives thereof; -or Glycine (Gly, G); When n=2 the two aminoacids Xaa.sub.1 can be the same or different; -Xaa.sub.2 is: -An hydrophobic aminoacid selected from Alanine (Ala, A), Valine (Val, V), Methionine (Met, M), Leucine (Leu, L), Isoleucine (Ile, I), Phenylalanine (Phe, F), Proline (Pro, P) and analogues and derivatives thereof; -A basic aminoacid selected from Arginine (Arg, R), Lysine (Lys, K) and Histidine (His, H) and analogues and derivatives thereof; -Glycine (Gly, G) or Serine (Ser, S); -At the N terminal end of the peptide, X is selected from H, COR.sub.1 and SO.sub.2R.sub.1; -At the C terminal end of the peptide, Y is selected from OH, OR.sub.1, NH.sub.2, NHR.sub.1 or NR.sub.1R.sub.2, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being independently from each other, selected from an alkyle, aryle, aralkyle, alkylaryl, alkoxy and aryloxy group, that can be linear, branched, cyclic, poly-cyclic, non-saturated, hydroxylated, carbonylated, phosphorylated and/or sulphured, with the possibility to have in said group skeleton a O, S and/or N heteroatom; -Pro* corresponding to a Proline, an analogue or derivative thereof; Excluding the peptides where X=H and Y=OH, for a non therapeutical cosmetic pro-pigmenting treatment of skin. The invention also encompasses new tripeptides of formula (I) suitable for a non therapeutical cosmetic treatment of skin.