The subject invention provides advantageous new salts of mu-opiate receptor peptides. These salts have been found to have excellent properties in terms of their crystal structure, stability, solubility, lack of impurities and/or the ability to be produced, with these advantageous properties, in amounts sufficient for the production of therapeutic compositions.

The disclosure relates to a method for protecting a kidney from renal injury. For example, acute renal injury may be associated with decreased or blocked blood flow in the subject's kidney or exposure to a nephrotoxic agent, such as a radiocontrast dye. The methods include administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to a subject in need thereof.

Present invention discloses particular peptide sequences of formula (I);

(R.sup.1).sub.(m)-Xaa.sub.1IXaa.sub.2T(Q).sub.(p)(R.sup.2).sub.(n)   (I) (SEQ ID NO: 1);

wherein R.sup.1, m, p, n, Xaa.sub.1, Xaa.sub.2, and R.sup.2 have particular meanings, or pharmaceutically or veterinary acceptable salts of these peptides that are effective in the prevention and/or treatment of mammal hair loss.

Invention also relates to particular topical pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or veterinary compositions with the peptides of formula (I).

Present invention discloses particular peptide sequences of formula (I); (R1).sub.(m)-Xaa.sub.1IXaa.sub.2T(Q).sub.(p)(R2).sub.(n) (I) (SEQ ID NO: 1); wherein R.sup.1, m, p, n, Xaa.sub.1, Xaa.sub.2, and R.sup.2 have particular meanings, or pharmaceutically or veterinary acceptable salts of these peptides that are effective in the prevention and/or treatment of mammal hair loss. Invention also relates to particular topical pharmaceutical, nutraceutical or veterinary compositions with the peptides of formula (I).

The disclosure provides methods of preventing or treating DMD in a mammalian subject, reducing risk factors associated with DMD, and/or reducing the likelihood or severity of DMD. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide.

Provided are a cyclic peptide compound simulating a natural product structure- and a method for preparation thereof. The method is: the compound of formula I, a divalent palladium catalyst, and a silver salt undergoing an intramolecular arylation in a solvent under heating and stirring to construct a cyclic peptide, to generate the compound of formula II, in which the arylation sites are diverse, and can be extended to the side chain γ-position methyl or methylene of the majority hydrophobic amino acids to perform intramolecular arylation, thus overcoming the previous defect of the restriction of the types of selectable amino acids, and effectively constructing a novel aromatic ring-supported cyclic peptide compound. The aromatic ring support structure can form a novel 3D structure similar to a natural product, and provide a very favorable support for the subsequent construction of a cyclic peptide molecular library and high-throughput drug screening.

##STR00001##

This invention is in the field of medicinal pharmacology. In particular, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical agents which function as inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral replication and/or SARS-CoV-2 related viral 3CL protease (M.sup.pro) activity. The invention further relates to methods of treating and/or ameliorating symptoms related to conditions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (e.g., COVID-19), comprising administering to a subject (e.g., a human patient) a composition comprising one or more pharmaceutical agents which function as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and/or inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 related M.sup.pro activity.

The present invention discloses a polypeptide compound, a pharmaceutical composition, and a preparation method and use thereof. The structural formula of the polypeptide compound is shown in general formula (I): ##STR00001## Such polypeptide compounds as κ-opioid receptor agonists have the advantages of better activity and the potential to become clinical candidate compounds.

The present invention is related to the use of HMGB1 antagonists such as K883 in the treatment and/or prevention and/or inhibition of severe sepsis in mammals, e.g., humans, and pharmaceutical compositions for the same comprising HMGB1 antagonists in an effective amount to treat and/or prevent and/or inhibit this condition.

Provided herein are antibacterial compounds, wherein the compounds in some embodiments have broad spectrum bioactivity. In various embodiments, the compounds act by inhibition of bacterial type 1 signal peptidase (SpsB), an essential protein in bacteria. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment using the compounds described herein are also provided.