The invention relates to inorganic particles which are covalently bonded to first polymer chains made up of at least one polymer carrying proton exchange groups, optionally in the form of salts, and bonded to second polymer chains made up of at least one fluorinated polymer that does not carry any proton exchange groups, the second chains being bonded to the particles via organic spacer groups, or the second chains being bonded to first chains via organic spacer groups, or some of the second chains being bonded to the particles via organic spacer groups while the remaining second chains are bonded to first chains via organic spacer groups.

The invention relates to inorganic particles which are covalently bonded to first polymer chains made up of at least one polymer carrying proton exchange groups, optionally in the form of salts, and bonded to second polymer chains made up of at least one fluorinated polymer that does not carry any proton exchange groups, the second chains being bonded to the particles via organic spacer groups, or the second chains being bonded to first chains via organic spacer groups, or some of the second chains being bonded to the particles via organic spacer groups while the remaining second chains are bonded to first chains via organic spacer groups.

A capacitor comprising an anode foil; and a conductive polymer layer on the anode foil. The conductive polymer layer comprises first particles comprising conductive polymer and polyanion and second particles comprising the conductive polymer and the polyanion wherein the first particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 micron to no more than 10 microns. The second particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 nm to no more than 600 nm.

A capacitor comprising an anode foil; and a conductive polymer layer on the anode foil. The conductive polymer layer comprises first particles comprising conductive polymer and polyanion and second particles comprising the conductive polymer and the polyanion wherein the first particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 micron to no more than 10 microns. The second particles have an average particle diameter of at least 1 nm to no more than 600 nm.

A water-dispersible addition-type sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer material for use as a consumable feedstock additive manufacturing, wherein the water-dispersible thermoplastic copolymer is a reaction product of an addition-type reaction of a metal sulfonated monomer, the water-dispersible sulfonated thermoplastic copolymer being dispersible in tap water in less than one hour.

An environment control system utilizes oxygen and humidity control devices that are coupled with an enclosure to independently control the oxygen concentration and the humidity level within the enclosure. An oxygen depletion device may be an oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell that reacts with oxygen within the cell and produces water through electrochemical reactions. A desiccating device may be g, a dehumidification electrolyzer cell, a desiccator, a membrane desiccator or a condenser. A controller may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of oxygen reduction and may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the dehumidification electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of humidity reduction. The oxygen level may be determined by the measurement of voltage and a limiting current of the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell. The enclosure may be a food or artifact enclosure.

An environment control system utilizes oxygen and humidity control devices that are coupled with an enclosure to independently control the oxygen concentration and the humidity level within the enclosure. An oxygen depletion device may be an oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell that reacts with oxygen within the cell and produces water through electrochemical reactions. A desiccating device may be g, a dehumidification electrolyzer cell, a desiccator, a membrane desiccator or a condenser. A controller may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of oxygen reduction and may control the amount of voltage and/or current provided to the dehumidification electrolyzer cell and therefore the rate of humidity reduction. The oxygen level may be determined by the measurement of voltage and a limiting current of the oxygen depletion electrolyzer cell. The enclosure may be a food or artifact enclosure.

The present invention relates to surface modifying agents for polymeric and/or textile materials, methods of making and/or using a surface modifying agent to modify and functionalize polymeric and/or textile materials, and/or methods of using surface modified or functionalized polymeric and textile materials, and/or products using or incorporating surface modified or functionalized polymeric and textile materials. For example, the surface modifying agent in precursor form can be styrene sulfonyl azide monomer, polymer or copolymer capable of undergoing a chemical reaction in the presence of heat or light to form one or more styrene sulfonated nitrene monomers, polymers or copolymers, which are capable of chemically reacting with the surface of a polymeric or textile material to endow a specific or desired chemical surface functionality to the surface of a polymeric or textile material. Furthermore, the present invention is possibly preferably directed to a surface modifying agent which comprises a styrene sulfonated nitrene monomer, polymer or polymer containing one or more nitrene functional groups, which are capable of chemically reacting via an insertion reaction into one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds on the surface of a polymeric or textile material in order to chemically attach a specific or desired chemical functionality to the surface of a polymeric or textile material.

The present invention relates to surface modifying agents for polymeric and/or textile materials, methods of making and/or using a surface modifying agent to modify and functionalize polymeric and/or textile materials, and/or methods of using surface modified or functionalized polymeric and textile materials, and/or products using or incorporating surface modified or functionalized polymeric and textile materials. For example, the surface modifying agent in precursor form can be styrene sulfonyl azide monomer, polymer or copolymer capable of undergoing a chemical reaction in the presence of heat or light to form one or more styrene sulfonated nitrene monomers, polymers or copolymers, which are capable of chemically reacting with the surface of a polymeric or textile material to endow a specific or desired chemical surface functionality to the surface of a polymeric or textile material. Furthermore, the present invention is possibly preferably directed to a surface modifying agent which comprises a styrene sulfonated nitrene monomer, polymer or polymer containing one or more nitrene functional groups, which are capable of chemically reacting via an insertion reaction into one or more carbon-hydrogen bonds on the surface of a polymeric or textile material in order to chemically attach a specific or desired chemical functionality to the surface of a polymeric or textile material.

The present invention provides a high-purity arylsulfonic acid amine salt vinyl monomer which is an extremely industrially useful arylsulfonic acid monomer with excellent storage stability and amphiphilic solubility in both water and organic solvents, a simple and practical method for producing the same, a polyarylsulfonic acid amine salt which is a polymer thereof, and a method for producing the same. In the arylsulfonic acid amine salt vinyl monomer, a tertiary amine having 2 or 3 different substituents that each have 1 to 7 carbon atoms and also containing at least one or more of tertiary carbon or quaternary carbon or cyclic skeleton in the structure is applied to an amine moiety thereof, and in addition, a polyarylsulfonic acid amine salt having high purity in terms of sulfonation rate and polymerization conversion rate and a polymer thereof are used.