Polymer particle embolics and methods of making same are described. The particle embolics can be used as embolization agents.

Polymer particle embolics and methods of making same are described. The particle embolics can be used as embolization agents.

A copolymer useful as a water clarifier for a water phase of a production fluid is selected from those with a first monomer and a second monomer, and in one non-limiting embodiment having the general formula:

##STR00001##

wherein y is 10 to 50,000; z is 1 to 10,000 and n is 1 to 250. The copolymer may optionally include a third monomer. In an optional embodiment of the process, the fluid has a hydrocarbon phase, and the process further involves simultaneously drying the hydrocarbon phase of the fluid along with clarifying the water phase.

A copolymer useful as a water clarifier for a water phase of a production fluid is selected from those with a first monomer and a second monomer, and in one non-limiting embodiment having the general formula:

##STR00001##

wherein y is 10 to 50,000; z is 1 to 10,000 and n is 1 to 250. The copolymer may optionally include a third monomer. In an optional embodiment of the process, the fluid has a hydrocarbon phase, and the process further involves simultaneously drying the hydrocarbon phase of the fluid along with clarifying the water phase.

The present invention provides compositions useful as a replacement for cellulose ether in cement, plaster or mortar compositions comprising i) nonionic or substantially nonionic vinyl or acrylic brush polymers having pendant or side chain polyether groups, and having a relative weight average molecular weight of from 140,000 to 50,000,000 g/mole, and ii) aromatic cofactors containing one or more phenolic groups, such as catechol tannins, phenolic resins, polyphenolics, and napthhols or, in combination, one or more aromatic groups with at least one sulfur acid group, such as naphthalene sulfonate aldehyde condensate polymers, poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonate) copolymers, and lignin sulfonates, preferably branched cofactors, including phenolic resins, aldehyde condensate polymers and lignin sulfonates. The compositions may comprise a dry powder blend of i) and ii), one dry powder of both i) and ii), or an aqueous mixture.

The present invention provides compositions useful as a replacement for cellulose ether in cement, plaster or mortar compositions comprising i) nonionic or substantially nonionic vinyl or acrylic brush polymers having pendant or side chain polyether groups, and having a relative weight average molecular weight of from 140,000 to 50,000,000 g/mole, and ii) aromatic cofactors containing one or more phenolic groups, such as catechol tannins, phenolic resins, polyphenolics, and napthhols or, in combination, one or more aromatic groups with at least one sulfur acid group, such as naphthalene sulfonate aldehyde condensate polymers, poly(styrene-co-styrene sulfonate) copolymers, and lignin sulfonates, preferably branched cofactors, including phenolic resins, aldehyde condensate polymers and lignin sulfonates. The compositions may comprise a dry powder blend of i) and ii), one dry powder of both i) and ii), or an aqueous mixture.

A salt having a group represented by the formula (aa):

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.a and X.sup.b independently each represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,
the ring W represents a C3-C36 heterocyclic ring which has an ester bond or a thioester bond, said heterocyclic ring optionally further having an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group each by which a methylene group has been replaced, and said heterocycilic ring optionally having a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a C1-C12 alkyl group, a C1-C12 alkoxy group, a C2-C13 alkoxycarbonyl group, a C2-C13 acyl group, a C2-C13 acyloxy group, a C3-C12 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbon group or any combination of these groups each by which a hydrogen atom has been replaced, and
* represents a binding position.

A salt having a group represented by the formula (aa):

##STR00001##

wherein X.sup.a and X.sup.b independently each represent an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom,
the ring W represents a C3-C36 heterocyclic ring which has an ester bond or a thioester bond, said heterocyclic ring optionally further having an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group each by which a methylene group has been replaced, and said heterocycilic ring optionally having a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a C1-C12 alkyl group, a C1-C12 alkoxy group, a C2-C13 alkoxycarbonyl group, a C2-C13 acyl group, a C2-C13 acyloxy group, a C3-C12 alicyclic hydrocarbon group, a C6-C10 aromatic hydrocarbon group or any combination of these groups each by which a hydrogen atom has been replaced, and
* represents a binding position.

The present invention is directed to a monomer for chain growth polymerization, in particular anionic polymerization, said monomer having the general formula (EFL)

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.a is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.30 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl or C.sub.2-C.sub.12 alkenyl group. The present invention is further directed to a process for the anionic polymerization of at least one compound (EFL) as defined above, wherein said anionic polymerization is conducted in the presence of an initiator selected from the group consisting of: alkali metal organyls; alkali metal alkoxides; alkali metal thiolate; alkali metal amides; and compounds of an element of group 3a of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The process of anionic polymerization yields a homo- or co-polymer (p-EFL) having pendant lactone functional groups in its repeating units.

The present invention is directed to a monomer for chain growth polymerization, in particular anionic polymerization, said monomer having the general formula (EFL)

##STR00001##

wherein: R.sup.a is a C.sub.1-C.sub.30 alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.30 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.18 aryl or C.sub.2-C.sub.12 alkenyl group. The present invention is further directed to a process for the anionic polymerization of at least one compound (EFL) as defined above, wherein said anionic polymerization is conducted in the presence of an initiator selected from the group consisting of: alkali metal organyls; alkali metal alkoxides; alkali metal thiolate; alkali metal amides; and compounds of an element of group 3a of the Periodic Table of the Elements. The process of anionic polymerization yields a homo- or co-polymer (p-EFL) having pendant lactone functional groups in its repeating units.