Polymer particle embolics and methods of making same are described. The particle embolics can be used as embolization agents.

Provided is a polymer flocculant which is capable of controlling the structure of a polymer that is a copolymerization product of a monomer (a) having a structure derived from formula (I) in each molecule and a water-soluble unsaturated monomer (b) having a polymerizable unsaturated bond in each molecule, and which has a branched or cross-linking structure, and is excellent in water-solubility and water dispersibility, ##STR00001## In formula (I), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon not having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen; W is a non-metal element of the group 15; X and Y are each a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and each have at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, provided that X and Y have different structures; and Z is a chlorine ion, a bromine ion, or an iodine ion.

Provided is a polymer flocculant which is capable of controlling the structure of a polymer that is a copolymerization product of a monomer (a) having a structure derived from formula (I) in each molecule and a water-soluble unsaturated monomer (b) having a polymerizable unsaturated bond in each molecule, and which has a branched or cross-linking structure, and is excellent in water-solubility and water dispersibility, ##STR00001## In formula (I), R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are respectively a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon not having a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen; W is a non-metal element of the group 15; X and Y are each a linear or branched functional group configured of atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and each have at least one carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, provided that X and Y have different structures; and Z is a chlorine ion, a bromine ion, or an iodine ion.

Provided are a composite separator including a coating layer including inorganic particles and a binder formed on a porous substrate, which has improved coatability and improved thermal shrinkage, and a lithium secondary battery using the same.

Provided are a composite separator including a coating layer including inorganic particles and a binder formed on a porous substrate, which has improved coatability and improved thermal shrinkage, and a lithium secondary battery using the same.

A method for producing a polypeptide, includes at least one native ligation step using a peptide functionalized with a selenium group. The selenium peptides and compounds are also described.

A method for producing a polypeptide, includes at least one native ligation step using a peptide functionalized with a selenium group. The selenium peptides and compounds are also described.

There is provided a method of manufacturing an electrophoretic particle, in which the electrophoretic particle includes a mother particle and a block copolymer, including: a step of polymerizing a monomer M having a site contributing to dispersibility into a dispersion medium, a monomer M including a second functional group having reactivity with the first functional group, a charged monomer M by living polymerization without random copolymerizing the monomer M1 and the monomer M2 so as to obtain the block copolymer; and a step of reacting the first functional group and the second functional group to a bonding section to a mother particle so as to connect the block copolymer to the mother particle.

There is provided a method of manufacturing an electrophoretic particle, in which the electrophoretic particle includes a mother particle and a block copolymer, including: a step of polymerizing a monomer M having a site contributing to dispersibility into a dispersion medium, a monomer M including a second functional group having reactivity with the first functional group, a charged monomer M by living polymerization without random copolymerizing the monomer M1 and the monomer M2 so as to obtain the block copolymer; and a step of reacting the first functional group and the second functional group to a bonding section to a mother particle so as to connect the block copolymer to the mother particle.

A polymerization method including radically polymerizing a monomer in a polymerization medium comprising a chain transfer agent, and a free radical initiator prepared by oxidizing a reaction product of a ligand-reactive decomplexation agent and an alkyl-borane complex of the formula: ##STR00001##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing from 3-12 carbon atoms, and an aryl group containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein the aryl group may be optionally substituted with an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 is an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, and L is a complexing agent selected from one or more amine groups, amidine groups, hydroxide groups, alkoxyl groups, alkyl ether groups, alkoxide groups and mixtures thereof.