Provided are a cathode hybrid electrolyte for a solid secondary battery, a cathode including the cathode hybrid electrolyte, a method of preparing the cathode, and a solid secondary battery including the cathode hybrid electrolyte, wherein the cathode hybrid electrolyte includes an ion conductor represented by Formula 1, and an ionic liquid, where at least a portion of the anions of the ionic liquid comprise the same anionic moiety Y.sup. of the ion conductor,

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where, in Formula 1, X, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3, Y.sup., and n are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a polymer by a flow-type reaction, including introducing a liquid A containing an anionic polymerizable monomer and a non-polar solvent, a liquid B containing an anionic polymerization initiator and a non-polar solvent, a liquid C containing a polar solvent, and a polymerization terminator into different flow paths; allowing the liquids to flow in the respective flow paths; allowing the liquid A and the liquid B to join together at a joining portion; allowing a conjoined liquid M.sup.AB of the liquid A and the liquid B to join with the liquid C at downstream of the joining portion; subjecting the anionic polymerizable monomer to anionic polymerization while a conjoined liquid M.sup.ABC of the conjoined liquid M.sup.AB and the liquid C is flowing to downstream in a reaction flow path; and allowing a polymerization reaction solution flowing in the reaction flow path to join with the polymerization terminator so that the polymerization reaction is terminated and a polymer is obtained, in which a polarity of a solvent of the liquid M.sup.ABC is made higher than a polarity of a solvent of the liquid M.sup.AB. Also provided is a flow-type reaction system suited for performing the manufacturing method.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a polymer by a flow-type reaction, including introducing a liquid A containing an anionic polymerizable monomer and a non-polar solvent, a liquid B containing an anionic polymerization initiator and a non-polar solvent, a liquid C containing a polar solvent, and a polymerization terminator into different flow paths; allowing the liquids to flow in the respective flow paths; allowing the liquid A and the liquid B to join together at a joining portion; allowing a conjoined liquid M.sup.AB of the liquid A and the liquid B to join with the liquid C at downstream of the joining portion; subjecting the anionic polymerizable monomer to anionic polymerization while a conjoined liquid M.sup.ABC of the conjoined liquid M.sup.AB and the liquid C is flowing to downstream in a reaction flow path; and allowing a polymerization reaction solution flowing in the reaction flow path to join with the polymerization terminator so that the polymerization reaction is terminated and a polymer is obtained, in which a polarity of a solvent of the liquid M.sup.ABC is made higher than a polarity of a solvent of the liquid M.sup.AB. Also provided is a flow-type reaction system suited for performing the manufacturing method.

A resist underlayer composition including a polyarylene ether, an additive polymer that is different from the polyarylene ether, and a solvent, wherein the additive polymer includes an aromatic or heteroaromatic group having at least one protected or free functional group selected from hydroxy, thiol, and amino.

According to one embodiment, a polymer material is disclosed. The polymer material contains a polymer. The polymer contains a first monomer unit having a lone pair and an aromatic ring at a side chain, and a second monomer unit including a crosslinking group at a terminal of the side chain, with its molar ratio of 0.5 mol % to 10 mol % to all monomer units in the polymer. The polymer material can be used for manufacturing a composite film as a mask pattern for processing a target film on a substrate. The composite film can be formed by a process including, forming an organic film on the target film with the polymer material, patterning the organic film, and forming the composite film by impregnating a metal compound into the patterned organic film.

The present disclosure relates to a polymer including a unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, a coating composition including the polymer, and an organic light emitting device formed using the same.

Tracing subterranean fluid flow includes providing a first polymeric tracer to a first injector, collecting a first aqueous sample from a first producer, and assessing the presence of the first polymeric tracer in the first aqueous sample. The first polymeric tracer includes a first polymer formed from at least a first monomer. The presence of the first polymeric tracer in the first aqueous sample is assessed by removing water from the first aqueous sample to yield a first dehydrated sample. pyrolyzing the first dehydrated sample to yield a first gaseous sample, and assessing the presence of a pyrolization product of the first polymer in the first gaseous sample. The presence of the pyrolization product of the first polymer in the first gaseous sample is indicative of the presence of a first subterranean flow pathway between the first injector location and the first producer location.

Tracing subterranean fluid flow includes providing a first polymeric tracer to a first injector, collecting a first aqueous sample from a first producer, and assessing the presence of the first polymeric tracer in the first aqueous sample. The first polymeric tracer includes a first polymer formed from at least a first monomer. The presence of the first polymeric tracer in the first aqueous sample is assessed by removing water from the first aqueous sample to yield a first dehydrated sample. pyrolyzing the first dehydrated sample to yield a first gaseous sample, and assessing the presence of a pyrolization product of the first polymer in the first gaseous sample. The presence of the pyrolization product of the first polymer in the first gaseous sample is indicative of the presence of a first subterranean flow pathway between the first injector location and the first producer location.

The present invention discloses novel calibrants containing between 1 and 5 iodine atoms and methods of making them using linear polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and biological polymers (including but not limited to proteins and peptides.) Methods of using the calibrants are also disclosed, such as mass spectrometry. The novel calibrants disclosed herein have a more cost- and time-efficient synthesis than other calibrants.

The present invention discloses novel calibrants containing between 1 and 5 iodine atoms and methods of making them using linear polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and biological polymers (including but not limited to proteins and peptides.) Methods of using the calibrants are also disclosed, such as mass spectrometry. The novel calibrants disclosed herein have a more cost- and time-efficient synthesis than other calibrants.