An object of the present invention is to provide a novel sulfur-based positive-electrode active material which can largely improve cyclability of a lithium-ion secondary battery, a positive electrode comprising the positive-electrode active material and a lithium-ion secondary battery comprising the positive electrode. The sulfur-based positive-electrode active material is one comprising: a carbon skeleton derived from a polymer composed of a monomer unit having at least one hetero atom-containing moiety, and sulfur incorporated into the carbon skeleton as the carbon skeleton is formed from the polymer by heat treatment.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel sulfur-based positive-electrode active material which can largely improve cyclability of a lithium-ion secondary battery, a positive electrode comprising the positive-electrode active material and a lithium-ion secondary battery comprising the positive electrode. The sulfur-based positive-electrode active material is one comprising: a carbon skeleton derived from a polymer composed of a monomer unit having at least one hetero atom-containing moiety, and sulfur incorporated into the carbon skeleton as the carbon skeleton is formed from the polymer by heat treatment.

A specific method for preparing platinum particles grafted with proton-conducting polymers and use of these particles as catalysts for oxygen reduction.

Provided is a method of producing an amine adduct of a conductive composite, including: adding an amine compound to a conductive polymer dispersion liquid which contains water and a conductive composite containing a conjugated conductive polymer and a polyanion at a mass ratio of the conjugated conductive polymer to the polyanion of 1:3 to 1:7.5 to precipitate an amine adduct of the conductive composite.

The present invention is a bio-electrode composition containing an ionic polymer material as a component (A), where the component (A) includes a polymer having: a repeating unit-a having a structure selected from the group consisting of salts of ammonium, sodium, potassium, and silver formed with any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and N-carbonyl-fluorosulfonamide; and a repeating unit-b having a nitro group. This provides: a bio-electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, is light-weight, can be manufactured at low cost, can control significant reduction in conductivity either when the bio-electrode is soaked in water or dried, and is soft and has excellent stretchability and adhesiveness; a bio-electrode including a living body contact layer formed of the bio-electrode composition; and a method for manufacturing the bio-electrode.

Provided are a cathode hybrid electrolyte for a solid secondary battery, a cathode including the cathode hybrid electrolyte, a method of preparing the cathode, and a solid secondary battery including the cathode hybrid electrolyte, wherein the cathode hybrid electrolyte includes an ion conductor represented by Formula 1, and an ionic liquid, where at least a portion of the anions of the ionic liquid comprise the same anionic moiety Y.sup. of the ion conductor, ##STR00001##
where, in Formula 1, X, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3, Y.sup., and n are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Provided are a cathode hybrid electrolyte for a solid secondary battery, a cathode including the cathode hybrid electrolyte, a method of preparing the cathode, and a solid secondary battery including the cathode hybrid electrolyte, wherein the cathode hybrid electrolyte includes an ion conductor represented by Formula 1, and an ionic liquid, where at least a portion of the anions of the ionic liquid comprise the same anionic moiety Y.sup.? of the ion conductor,

##STR00001##

where, in Formula 1, X, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3, Y.sup.?, and n are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Described herein are antimicrobial copolymers comprising (i) a polymer backbone and a plurality of thiouronium groups covalently bonded to the polymer backbone and (ii) a plurality of quaternary ammonium groups covalently bonded to the polymer backbone. Also described herein are methods for making the copolymers described herein and their use in disinfecting compositions.

The present invention relates to the use of a thianthrene-containing polymer as redox-active electrode material, for example as an electrode slurry, for electrical charge storage means, especially secondary batteries, It additionally also relates to the electrode material comprising the polymer, and to an electrode and an electrical charge storage means comprising the polymer,

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel sulfur-based positive-electrode active material which can largely improve cyclability of a lithium-ion secondary battery, a positive electrode comprising the positive-electrode active material and a lithium-ion secondary battery comprising the positive electrode. The sulfur-based positive-electrode active material is one comprising: a carbon skeleton derived from a polymer composed of a monomer unit having at least one hetero atom-containing moiety, and sulfur incorporated into the carbon skeleton as the carbon skeleton is formed from the polymer by heat treatment.