Use of a coating composition for making a frost resistant substrate, the coating composition comprises at least one copolymer (ZW-CA) comprising: (a) repeating units (RZW) derived from at least one zwitterionic monomer, monomer (B), and (b) repeating units (RCA) derived from at least one monomer containing carboxylic acid and/or carboxylic anhydride, monomer (B), and at least one crosslinking agent (CL).

Described is a silicone hydrogel contact lens having non-uniform morphology. The contact lens may be made from a reactive mixture comprising: a silicone-containing component; a hydrophilic component; a non-reactive polymeric internal wetting agent; and a polymerization initiator, the contact lens having an oxygen permeability of at least about 60 barrers, and wherein the molar ratio in the lens of the polymeric non-reactive internal wetting agent to silicone, without a surface treatment, is greater in the lens's surface than in its bulk.

Described is a silicone hydrogel contact lens having non-uniform morphology. The contact lens may be made from a reactive mixture comprising: a silicone-containing component; a hydrophilic component; a non-reactive polymeric internal wetting agent; and a polymerization initiator, the contact lens having an oxygen permeability of at least about 60 barrers, and wherein the molar ratio in the lens of the polymeric non-reactive internal wetting agent to silicone, without a surface treatment, is greater in the lens's surface than in its bulk.

A light-shielding composition includes a light-shielding pigment, a resin, a polymerizable compound, which is a low-molecular-weight compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group, and a polymerization initiator, in which the light-shielding pigment contains an inorganic particle, and an inorganic compound coating the inorganic particle, the inorganic particle contains one or more nitrogen-containing metal compounds selected from the group consisting of zirconium nitride, zirconium oxynitride, vanadium nitride, vanadium oxynitride, niobium nitride, and niobium oxynitride, the inorganic compound contains a silicon atom, and a contained atom number ratio of a total content of metallic atoms, which are selected from the group consisting of a zirconium atom, a vanadium atom, and a niobium atom, to a content of the silicon atom in a surface of the light-shielding pigment, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is greater than 1.0.

A light-shielding composition includes a light-shielding pigment, a resin, a polymerizable compound, which is a low-molecular-weight compound containing an ethylenically unsaturated group, and a polymerization initiator, in which the light-shielding pigment contains an inorganic particle, and an inorganic compound coating the inorganic particle, the inorganic particle contains one or more nitrogen-containing metal compounds selected from the group consisting of zirconium nitride, zirconium oxynitride, vanadium nitride, vanadium oxynitride, niobium nitride, and niobium oxynitride, the inorganic compound contains a silicon atom, and a contained atom number ratio of a total content of metallic atoms, which are selected from the group consisting of a zirconium atom, a vanadium atom, and a niobium atom, to a content of the silicon atom in a surface of the light-shielding pigment, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, is greater than 1.0.

The present invention provides radical crosslinked zwitterionic gels, methods of preparing the radical crosslinked zwitterionic gels, and methods of using the radical crosslinked zwitterionic gels for treating a wound.

The present invention provides radical crosslinked zwitterionic gels, methods of preparing the radical crosslinked zwitterionic gels, and methods of using the radical crosslinked zwitterionic gels for treating a wound.

Disclosed herein is an anti-biofouling copolymer including a first structural unit represented by formula (I) and a second structural unit represented by formula (II),

##STR00001##

wherein each of the substituents is given the definition as set forth in the Specification and Claims. Also disclosed herein is a method for preparing an anti-biofouling copolymer which includes subjecting a first compound represented by formula (a) to polymerization reaction with a second compound represented by formula (b),

##STR00002##

wherein each of the substituents is given the definition as set forth in the Specification and Claims.

A bio-electrode composition includes (A) an ionic material and (B) a lithium titanate powder. The component (A) is a polymer compound containing a repeating unit-a having a structure selected from an ammonium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, and a silver salt of any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and N-carbonyl-fluorosulfonamide. Thus, the present invention provides a bio-electrode composition capable of forming a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, is light-weight, can be manufactured at low cost, and can control significant reduction in the electric conductivity even when the bio-electrode is wetted with water or dried; a bio-electrode including a living body contact layer formed of the bio-electrode composition; and a method for manufacturing the bio-electrode.

Provided is a device for transdermal delivery of drugs. The device includes a separable substrate and is loaded with dual drugs based on an interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel. Also provided are methods of making and using the transdermal delivery device.