Methods are provided for producing bio-oil polyols, alkoxylating bio-oil polyols to provide polyols, and for employing the alkoxylated bio-oil polyols for making polymers or copolymers of polyesters or polyurethanes.

The present invention is directed to a curable film-forming composition comprising: (a) a curing agent comprising reactive isocyanate functional groups; (b) a film-forming compound comprising functional groups reactive with the reactive isocyanate functional groups in (a); (c) a photo-latent catalyst; (d) a beta-diketone having a flash point higher than 60 C (140 F); and (e) a beta-diketone having a flash point lower than or equal to 60 C (140 F). The invention is further directed to methods of controlling the rate of cure and increasing the wet-edge time of a curable film-forming composition comprising an isocyanate functional curing agent, by adding to the curable film-forming composition a catalyst component comprising: (i) a photo-latent catalyst; (ii) a beta-diketone having a flash point higher than 60 C (140 F); and (iii) a beta-diketone having a flash point lower than or equal to 60 C (140 F).

Formulated polyol compositions include a non-halogenated polyol, a halogenated polyol, a phosphorus-containing flame retardant, an HFO and/or HCFO blowing agent and certain urethane catalysts. The compositions exhibit excellent storage stability. Foams made from the formulated polyol compositions have unexpectedly improved fire performance, as indicated by certain fire tests.

A polyurethane foam material having the following properties: Compression hardness at 10% (according to ISO 3386/1) higher than 60 kPa and lower than 120 kPa; Free rise density in the range 40-80 kg/m.sup.3 (according to ISO 845); Flexural modulus (according to ISO 1209-2) in range 0.95-2 MPa.

The invention relates to flame-proofed polyurethane hard foam material or polyurethane/polyisocyanurate hard foam material (designated below individually or jointly also as “PUR/PIR hard foam material”) comprising phosphinates (also hypophosphite), and to a method for producing PUR/PIR hard foam materials through the implementation of a reaction mixture containing A1 an isocyanate-reactive component, A2 propellant, A3 catalyst, A4 optionally additive, A5 flame-proofing agent, B an isocyanate component, characterised in that the flame-proofing agent A5 contains a phosphine according to the formula (I)M[(R).sub.2PO.sub.2].sub.n, where R=in each case stands for H, C1- to C4-(hydroxy-)alkyl group or benzyl group, M=an element of the main groups 1 to 3, wherein hydrogen is excepted, and n=the number of the main group of M, and the proportion of the phosphine according to the formula (I) is 0.1 to 15 wt %, based on the total mass of components A1 to A5.

Disclosed is a reaction mixture for the manufacturing of a polyurethane foam, which mixture can be obtained by reacting a polyfunctional isocyanate with an isocyanate-reactive compound, in the presence of a scavenger and at least one catalyst; and curing such reaction mixture enables providing a foam with reduced aldehyde emissions particularly useful in means of transport, such as interior part of cars.

Provided is a polishing pad including a polishing layer, wherein the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) .sup.13C spectrum of a processed composition prepared by adding 1 g of the polishing layer to a 0.3 M aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and allowing the mixture to react in a closed container at a temperature of 150° C. for 48 hours includes a first peak appearing at 15 ppm to 18 ppm, a second peak appearing at 9 ppm to 11 ppm, a third peak appearing at 138 ppm to 143 ppm, and a fourth peak appearing at 55 ppm to 65 ppm, and the softening control index calculated by Equation 1 is 0.10 to 0.45. The polishing pad includes the polishing layer having physical properties corresponding to the softening control index, and thus may exhibit a removal rate and defect prevention performance within desired ranges in polishing of a polishing target.

The invention relates to flame-proofed polyurethane hard foam material or polyurethane/polyisocyanurate hard foam material (designated below individually or jointly also as “PUR/PIR hard foam material”) comprising phosphinates (also hypophosphite), and to a method for producing PUR/PIR hard foam materials through the implementation of a reaction mixture containing A1 an isocyanate-reactive component, A2 propellant, A3 catalyst, A4 optionally additive, A5 flame-proofing agent, B an isocyanate component, characterised in that the flame-proofing agent A5 contains a phosphine according to the formula (I)M[(R).sub.2PO.sub.2].sub.n, where R=in each case stands for H, C1- to C4-(hydroxy-)alkyl group or benzyl group, M=an element of the main groups 1 to 3, wherein hydrogen is excepted, and n=the number of the main group of M, and the proportion of the phosphine according to the formula (I) is 0.1 to 15 wt %, based on the total mass of components A1 to A5.

The present invention is directed to a curable film-forming composition comprising: (a) a curing agent comprising reactive isocyanate functional groups; (b) a film-forming compound comprising functional groups reactive with the reactive isocyanate functional groups in (a); (c) a photo-latent catalyst; (d) a beta-diketone having a flash point higher than 60 C (140 F); and (e) a beta-diketone having a flash point lower than or equal to 60 C (140 F). The invention is further directed to methods of controlling the rate of cure and increasing the wet-edge time of a curable film-forming composition comprising an isocyanate functional curing agent, by adding to the curable film-forming composition a catalyst component comprising: (i) a photo-latent catalyst; (ii) a beta-diketone having a flash point higher than 60 C (140 F); and (iii) a beta-diketone having a flash point lower than or equal to 60 C (140 F).

A polyurethane foam material having the following properties: Compression hardness at 10% (according to ISO 3386/1) higher than 60 kPa and lower than 120 kPa; Free rise density in the range 40-80 kg/m.sup.3 (according to ISO 845); Flexural modulus (according to ISO 1209-2) in range 0.95-2 MPa.