An organic semiconducting donor-acceptor (D-A) small molecule, as well as a semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule, are disclosed. The D-A small molecule can have electron deficient substituents and R group substituents that can be C.sub.1-C.sub.20 linear alkyl chains, C.sub.2-C.sub.24 branched alkyl chains, hydrogen atoms, etc. The D-A small molecule can be can be synthesized in a reaction between a dithienofuran (DTF) core monomer and an electron deficient monomer. Additionally, the D-A small molecule can be part of an organic semiconducting copolymer. A semiconductor device that can incorporate the D-A small molecule in a photoactive layer is also disclosed herein. Additionally, 3,4-dibrominated furan compound that can, in some embodiments, be a precursor for the D-A small molecule is disclosed. The 3,4-dibrominated furan compound can be synthesized in a reaction involving a furan-2,5-dicarboxylic dimethyl ester (FDME), which can have a bio-renewable precursor.

A polybenzodifuran ladder polymer is disclosed.

Compound, Composition and Organic Light-Emitting Device A compound of formula (I) (Formula (I)) wherein X is O, S, NR.sup.8, CR.sup.8.sub.2 or SiR.sup.8.sub.2 wherein R.sup.8 in each occurrence is independently a substituent; R.sup.1, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently in each occurrence a substituent; x independently in each occurrence is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; and y independently in each occurrence is 0, 1 or 2. The compound may be provided as a sidechain, end group or backbone group of a polymer. The compound may be used as a host for a phosphorescent light-emitting material in an organic light-emitting device.

##STR00001##

A polybenzodifuran ladder polymer is disclosed.

An organic photovoltaic device includes an anode and a cathode. The organic photovoltaic device includes an active layer between the anode and the cathode. The active layer includes a p-type material. The p-type material includes a donor-acceptor (DA) polymer. An acceptor unit of the DA polymer includes a functionalized pyranopyran-dione compound or a functionalized naphthyridine-dione compound.

An organic photovoltaic device includes an anode and a cathode. The organic photovoltaic device includes an active layer between the anode and the cathode. The active layer includes a p-type material. The p-type material includes a donor-acceptor (DA) polymer. An acceptor unit of the DA polymer includes a functionalized pyranopyran-dione compound or a functionalized naphthyridine-dione compound.

There is provided an electroactive material having Formula I ##STR00001##
wherein: Q is the same or different at each occurrence and can be O, S, Se, Te, NR, SO, SO.sub.2, or SiR.sub.3; R is the same or different at each occurrence and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and R.sup.1 through R.sup.6 are the same or different and can be hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, halogen, hydroxyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, alkylthio, phosphino, silyl, COR, COOR, PO.sub.3R.sub.2, OPO.sub.3R.sub.2, or CN.

Embodiments in accordance with the present invention encompass a variety of polymers derived from polycyclic olefin monomers, such as hydrocarbon functionalized norbornenes. The polymers so formed function as ionomers and are suitable as anion exchange membrane for fabricating a variety of electrochemical devices, among others. More specifically, the ionomeric polymers used herein are derived from a variety of quaternized amino functionalized norbornene monomers and are lightly crosslinked (less than ten mol %). The membranes made therefrom exhibit very high ionic conductivity of up to 198 mS/cm at 80 C. This invention also relates to using an anion conducting solid polymer electrolyte as the ion conducting medium between the two electrodes and the ion conducting medium within the electrodes acting as the ionic conduit between electroactive material and electrolyte. The electrochemical devices made in accordance of this invention are useful as fuel cells, gas separators, and the like.

A polybenzodifuran ladder polymer is disclosed.

A composition for forming an electroactive coating includes an acid as a polymerization catalyst, at least one functional component, and at least one compound of formula (1) as a monomer:

##STR00001##

wherein X is selected from S, O, Se, Te, PR.sup.2 and NR.sup.2, Y is hydrogen (H) or a precursor of a good leaving group Y.sup. whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pK.sub.a of less than 45, Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a good leaving group whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pK.sub.a of less than 45, b is 0, 1 or 2, each R.sup.1 is a substituent, and the at least one compound of formula (1) includes at least one compound of formula (1) with Z=H and YH.