A thermoset material containing β-hydroxyesters wherein said thermoset material is subject to a mechano-chemical process to regenerate an epoxide and a carboxylic acid functionality. A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce porosity-free castable resins and vulcanize rubber formulations based on epoxidized natural rubber. Materials made from disclosed materials may be advantageously used as leather substitutes.

A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce at least one of six different materials, wherein each type of material may be configured as a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages. The materials may be configured as a leather-like material, a foam material, a molded elastomer, a coating, an adhesive, and/or a rigid or semi-rigid material. Illustrative articles made from any combination of the six materials may be recycled using a mechano-chemical process to de-crosslink the thermosetting elastomer.

A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce at least one of six different materials, wherein each type of material may be configured as a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with β-hydroxyester linkages. The materials may be configured as a leather-like material, a foam material, a molded elastomer, a coating, an adhesive, and/or a rigid or semi-rigid material. Illustrative articles made from any combination of the six materials may be recycled using a mechano-chemical process to de-crosslink the thermosetting elastomer.

A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce at least one of six different materials, wherein each type of material may be configured as a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with ß-hydroxyester linkages. The materials may be configured as a leather-like material, a foam material, a molded elastomer, a coating, an adhesive, and/or a rigid or semi-rigid material. Illustrative articles made from any combination of the six materials may be recycled using a mechano-chemical process to de-crosslink the thermosetting elastomer.

A curative for epoxidized plant-based oils and epoxidized natural rubber is created from the reaction between a naturally occurring polyfunctional acid and an epoxidized plant-based oil is disclosed. The curative may be used to produce at least one of six different materials, wherein each type of material may be configured as a thermosetting elastomer that is crosslinked with ß-hydroxyester linkages. The materials may be configured as a leather-like material, a foam material, a molded elastomer, a coating, an adhesive, and/or a rigid or semi-rigid material. Illustrative articles made from any combination of the six materials may be recycled using a mechano-chemical process to de-crosslink the thermosetting elastomer.

The present application is directed to a method for preparing a cyclic carbonate functional polyester, said method comprising the stages of (A) reacting glycerine carbonate with an anhydride to form an Adduct (A), (B) reacting said Adduct (A) with at least one polyepoxide compound to form an Adduct (B), and (C) reacting said Adduct (B) with at least one polycarboxylic acid to form said cyclic carbonate functional polyester.

A resist underlayer film-forming composition including: a resin having a repeating structural unit including at least one —C(═O)—O— group in a main chain and a repeating structural unit including at least one hydroxy group in a side chain, or including at least one —C(═O)—O— group in a main chain and at least one hydroxy group in a side chain, wherein none of these units have an organic group containing an epoxy or oxetane ring; an acid catalyst or salt thereof in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the resin, when the catalyst is a monovalent acid, an acid dissociation constant pKa is −0.5 or less in 25° C. water, or when a multivalent acid, an acid dissociation constant pKa.sub.1 is −0.5 or less in 25° C. water; and a solvent, wherein the composition does not include a monomer crosslinking agent.

A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer having diacid units derived from diacid compounds, said diacid units comprising: a) from 92.50 mol % to 97.75 mol % of terephthalic units derived from terephthalic acid (TA) or an ester thereof, and b) from 2.25 mol % to 7.50 mol % of 2,5-FDCA units derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) or an ester thereof, and—diol units derived from diol compound(s), the diol units having monoethylene glycol units derived from monoethylene glycol (MEG), as well as to a method to prepare such a PET polymer. The use of a 2,5-FDCA compound selected from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) and esters thereof as an anti-crystallization comonomer in a PET polymer and a bio-based PET polymer in which the anti-crystallisation comonomer is bio-based.

A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer having diacid units derived from diacid compounds, said diacid units comprising: a) from 92.50 mol % to 97.75 mol % of terephthalic units derived from terephthalic acid (TA) or an ester thereof, and b) from 2.25 mol % to 7.50 mol % of 2,5-FDCA units derived from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) or an ester thereof, and—diol units derived from diol compound(s), the diol units having monoethylene glycol units derived from monoethylene glycol (MEG), as well as to a method to prepare such a PET polymer. The use of a 2,5-FDCA compound selected from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) and esters thereof as an anti-crystallization comonomer in a PET polymer and a bio-based PET polymer in which the anti-crystallisation comonomer is bio-based.

Polymers are provided which are formed of at least one unit selected from the group consisting of the following units S1 and S2:

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wherein X and Y are substituents as defined in the specification and k and m are integers as defined in the specification.