Disclosed herein are functionalized 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene (ADOT+) monomers represented by a chemical formula (CR.sup.1R.sup.2)(CR.sup.3R.sup.4)(CR.sup.4R.sup.6).sub.xO.sub.2H.sub.2S, wherein x=0 or 1; wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is independently selected from hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl moiety, and a heteroatom-containing functional group; and wherein at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 comprises the heteroatom-containing functional group selected from an aldehyde, a maleimide, and their derivatives thereof. Also, disclosed herein are aldehyde derivatives represented by (ADOT-CH.sub.2—NH).sub.pY and a maleimide derivative represented by (ADOT-(CH.sub.2).sub.q—N).sub.pZ where p=1-2 and each of Y and Z is a hydrocarbyl moiety or a biofunctional hydrocarbyl moiety. In an embodiment of the ADOT+ monomers, one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 is replaced by a direct bond to an amide group, an azide group, or an ester group of a biofunctional hydrocarbyl moiety. Also, disclosed herein are polymers and copolymers made therefrom.

Provided is a method for producing a π-conjugated polymer capable of suppressing an increase in dark current of an organic photoelectric conversion element even if the method includes a purification step including heating. A method for producing a π-conjugated polymer includes: step (I) of heating and dissolving a crude π-conjugated polymer in a solvent to obtain a polymer solution; and step (II) of precipitating a π-conjugated polymer from the polymer solution. In step (I), the content of peroxide in the solvent is 0.1% or less in terms of a relative area ratio measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the electron spin concentration of the π-conjugated polymer is 30×10.sup.16 Spin/g or less and/or 2.5 times or less the electron spin concentration of the crude π-conjugated polymer.

The present disclosure relates to compounds of formula IVa or IVb, or salts thereof, as intermediates in the manufacture of conducting redox polymers. L is a covalent linker moiety and R is a reversible redox group.

The disclosure further relates to conducting redox polymers produced from such compounds, as well as substrates coated with such conducting redox polymers, and organic batteries comprising such conducting redox polymers.

##STR00001##

The present disclosure provides, in some aspects, macromonomers of Formula (I), and salts thereof; methods of preparing the macromonomers, and salts thereof; Brush prodrugs (polymers); methods of preparing the Brush prodrugs; compounds of Formula (II); conjugates of Formula (III), and salts thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising a Brush prodrug, or a conjugate or a salt thereof; kits comprising: a macromonomer or a salt thereof, a Brush prodrug, a compound, a conjugate or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition; methods of using the Brush prodrugs, or conjugates or salts thereof; and uses of the Brush prodrugs, and conjugates or salts thereof. These chemical entities may be useful in delivering pharmaceutical agents to a subject or cell.

##STR00001##

A conductive polymer that can be formed by removing or separating a side chain, or alkyl or aryl side chain from an unmodified polymer by heating or exposure to light (hv).

The present disclosure relates to methods for preparing materials from heavy feedstocks. In particular, the disclosure provides a chemical process to convert heavy feedstocks with predominant polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules or species, including the residues of petrochemical refining or extraction, into thermoset or thermoplastic materials that can be used alone or as a component in a composite material.

An alkylphenol copolymer, such as for use in a petroleum composition, is provided. The alkylphenol copolymer has at least the following repeating unit (I):

##STR00001## wherein: A is a direct bond or an alkylene; X is C(O)O, OC(O), C(O)N(R.sub.6), N(R.sub.6)C(O), C(O), N(R.sub.6), O, or S; R.sub.6 is H or an alkyl; R.sub.1 includes a C.sub.1-C.sub.80 alkyl, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkenyl, a C.sub.2-C.sub.20 alkynyl, a C.sub.3-C.sub.12 aryl, or a polyether; and n is an integer from 1 to 200.

The present invention also provides a method for forming the alkylphenol copolymer containing the aforementioned repeating unit (I) as well as a method for forming a monomer for forming repeating unit (I).

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes

##STR00001##

where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 include at least one of a hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, and/or an alkyl group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 include at least one of hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, and/or a ketone, and 1n2000.

A macromolecular photonic crystal material including an A block and a B block is disclosed. the A block comprises a crystalline polyhedral oligomeric POSS, the macromolecular photonic crystal material represented by the structural formula 1. ##STR00001##

The invention relates to novel organic semiconducting polymers, to methods for their preparation and educts or intermediates used therein, to compositions containing them, to the use of the polymers and compositions as organic semiconductors in, or for the preparation of, organic electronic (OE) devices, especially organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) devices, organic photodetectors (OPD), organic field effect transistors (OFET) and organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and to OE, OPV, PSC, OPD, OFET and OLED devices comprising these polymers or compositions.