Objects of the present invention is to provide an organic semiconductor element having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity, and a manufacturing method thereof, to provide a novel compound which is suitable as an organic semiconductor, and to provide an organic semiconductor film having high mobility and excellent temporal stability under high humidity and a manufacturing method thereof, and a composition for forming an organic semiconductor film that can suitably form the organic semiconductor film. The organic semiconductor element according to the present invention has an organic semiconductor layer containing a compound having a constitutional repeating unit represented by Formula 1. ##STR00001##

A copolymer including a repeating unit represented by Formula I: wherein: L is a divalent hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and L is optional and when present is represented by Formula II: wherein: Y, Y and Y if present, are independently selected from: a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphorous acid and phosphoric acid and their corresponding salt or ester; imino, amide, nitrile, hydrogen, hydroxyl and alkyl comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and A, A and A if present, are independently selected from an arylene moiety, with the proviso one or both Y and A may not be present.

##STR00001##

A polymer of an embodiment includes a repeating unit containing at least one bivalent group selected from the following formula (1) and the following formula (2). ##STR00001## In the formulas (1) and (2), R is hydrogen, fluorine, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, or the like. X and Y are each an alkanoyl group, an aminocarbonyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, or the like. Ar is an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.

There is provided a rectifying element which is provided with an insulating base, (a) a pair of electrodes composed of a first electrode and a second electrode and (b) a semiconductor layer arranged between the pair of electrodes, wherein the components (a) and (b) are provided on a first surface of the insulating base. The rectifying element is configured such that the semiconductor layer (b) contains carbon nanotube composites each of which comprises a carbon nanotube and a conjugated polymer adhered onto at least a part of the surface of the carbon nanotube. The present invention provides a rectifying element having excellent rectifying properties by a simple process.

To provide a polymer excellent enough in photoelectric 5 conversion efficiency and in light resistance to be suitable for solar cells, also to provide a solar cell using the polymer, and further to provide an electronic product comprising the cell. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a polymer comprising a repeating unit of the following formula (M1). ##STR00001##
In the formula, R.sup.1 is a substituent group selected from the group 15 consisting of alkyl groups, and alkoxy groups; each R.sup.2 is independently a substituent group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, and aryl groups; and each X is independently an atom selected from the group consisting of O, S and Se. The embodiments 20 also provide a solar cell having an active layer containing the above polymer and further an electronic product comprising that cell.

Provided is a poly-p-xylyene having at least one chemically active functional group present in a form of particles. In an embodiment, the functionalized poly-p-xylylene is synthesized via CVD, and electrospinning is then performed at a relatively low polymer concentration, so as to produce functionalized poly-p-xylylene particles. The functionalized poly-p-xylyene particles have a particle size at nano-scale or micro-scale. Such functionalized poly-p-xylyene particles can be applied to biological fields extensively.

A thermoluminescence sensor includes a thermo-responsive polymer composition, and a scaled transparent container that holds the thermo-responsive polymer composition. The thermo-responsive polymer composition contains a curcumin oil, and a cyano derivative of poly(phenylenevinylene) of formula (I). ##STR00001##

The invention relates to the field of polymers and olefin polymerization, and more specifically olefin metathesis polymerization. The invention provides regioregular alternating polymers and methods of synthesizing such polymers. To demonstrate, polymers were synthesized and modified with a FRET pair (Trp/Dansyl) post-polymerization.

A thermoelectric conversion element (1) having, on a substrate (12), a first electrode (13), a thermoelectric conversion layer (14), and a second electrode (15), wherein a nano conductive material and a low band gap material are contained in the thermoelectric conversion layer (14); an article for thermoelectric power generation and a power supply for a sensor using the thermoelectric conversion element (1); and a thermoelectric conversion material containing the nano conductive material and the low band gap material.

The present specification provides a copolymer and an organic solar cell including the same.