Disclosed is a biosensor. The biosensor comprises: an electrode; and a polymer structure disposed on the electrode and formed of poly-5,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene-3-carboxylic acid (pTTCA), wherein an enzyme is present in a state of covalently binding with pTTCA inside the polymer structure.

The disclosed subject matter relates to brush polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates comprising oligonucleotides covalently attached to the backbone of a non-cationic, sterically congested brush polymer and the use of such polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates in antisense gene regulation and as diagnostic agents.

There is provided a bioactive synthetic copolymer with a poly(norbornene) backbone comprising one or more repeating units represented by general formula (I) and one or more repeating units represented by general formula (II). Also provided are a bioactive macromolecule, a material comprising said bioactive synthetic copolymer, a method of preparing said bioactive synthetic copolymer and a method of preparing said bioactive macromolecule.

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Certain embodiments are directed to the use of amide coupling chemistry to covalently link five different biofunctional groups onto an anionic water soluble poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) polymer. Two of the biofunctionalized PPEs are used in prototype applications, including pH sensing and flow cytometry labeling.

Described are a carbon-iodine conjugated polymer and preparation thereof, an imaging marker thereof, and uses thereof for preparing a localization marker, and belongs to the technical field of imaging markers. The conjugated structure enables the polymer to have strong absorption in a visible light region, and high iodine content of up to 84.1% corresponds to the strong imaging ability thereof. During surgery, on the basis of the dual guidance of a polymer-based image marker and naked eye observation, the marker can better facilitate determination of tumor resection margins, achieving precise resection of tumors and minimizing damage to surrounding normal tissues. During cyberknife-based treatment, the polymer can replace clinical gold markers to provide ray marker guidance. Absence of metal artifacts improves ray imaging quality and the accuracy of radiation dose distribution, good biocompatibility enhances the stability of the relative position of the marker, and radiotherapy side effects can be further reduced.

Described herein, inter alia, are peptide containing polymers, and methods of making and using the same.

An example of a bottlebrush polymer has a polymer backbone and a plurality of individual brush moieties bonded to the polymer backbone. The individual brush moieties include a ketone, a hydrophilic segment, and a surface adhesive terminal group. The brush moieties can be functionalized and/or cross-linked.

The present disclosure provides, in some aspects, macromonomers of Formula (I), and salts thereof; methods of preparing the macromonomers, and salts thereof; Brush prodrugs (polymers); methods of preparing the Brush prodrugs; compounds of Formula (II); conjugates of Formula (III), and salts thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising a Brush prodrug, or a conjugate or a salt thereof; kits comprising: a macromonomer or a salt thereof, a Brush prodrug, a compound, a conjugate or a salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition; methods of using the Brush prodrugs, or conjugates or salts thereof; and uses of the Brush prodrugs, and conjugates or salts thereof. These chemical entities may be useful in delivering pharmaceutical agents to a subject or cell.

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A copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula (I); and a repeating unit represented by Formula (II), in Formula (I), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one fluorine atom as a substituent, or a group including Si(R.sup.a3)(R.sup.a4)O; L represents a divalent linking group as defined herein; and R.sup.a3 and R.sup.a4 each independently represent an alkyl group as defined herein, in Formula (II), R.sup.10 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be linked to each other; and X.sup.1 represents a divalent linking group.

An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer compound in which, by blending with a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystalline compound, alignment of the liquid crystalline compound in a phase difference layer to be obtained increases; and a liquid crystal composition, a phase difference layer, an optical film, a polarizing plate, and an image display device using the same. The polymer compound of the present invention is a polymer compound including a repeating unit represented by Formula (I), a repeating unit represented by Formula (II), a repeating unit represented by Formula (III), and a repeating unit represented by Formula (IV).

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