A copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula (I); and a repeating unit represented by Formula (II), in Formula (I), R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and having at least one fluorine atom as a substituent, or a group including Si(R.sup.a3)(R.sup.a4)O; L represents a divalent linking group as defined herein; and R.sup.a3 and R.sup.a4 each independently represent an alkyl group as defined herein, in Formula (II), R.sup.10 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 may be linked to each other; and X.sup.1 represents a divalent linking group.

A light emitting device contains an anode, cathode, and two organic layers provided therebetween. One organic layer contains a phosphorescent compound, the second organic layer contains a block copolymer containing an end group, a block that binds to the end group and/or a block that does not bind to the end group, and a crosslinked product of the block copolymer. The non-terminal block contains a non-crosslinkable unit represented by the formula (X) and/or a non-crosslinkable unit represented by the formula (Z). At least one of X.sub.I>X.sub.II; Z.sub.I>Z.sub.II; X.sub.I+Z.sub.I>X.sub.II+Z.sub.II is satisfied when the total number of units having formula (X) and the total number of units having formula (Z) in the non-terminal block are X.sub.I and Z.sub.I, respectively, and the total number of units having formula (X) and the total number of units having formula (Z) in the terminal block are X.sub.II and Z.sub.II, respectively.

A block copolymer includes an end group, a block that binds to the end group, and a block that does not bind to the end group. The block that does not bind to the end group contains at least one non-crosslinkable constitutional unit represented by the formula (X) and/or at least one non-crosslinkable constitutional unit represented by the formula (Z). At least one of formulas (i) X.sub.I>X.sub.II, (ii) Z.sub.I>Z.sub.II and (iii) X.sub.I+Z.sub.I>X.sub.II+Z.sub.II is satisfied when the total number of non-crosslinkable constitutional units represented by formulas (X) and (Z) in the block that does not bind to the end group are represented by X.sub.I and Z.sub.I, respectively, and the total number of non-crosslinkable constitutional units represented by formulas (X) and (Z) in the block that binds to the end group are represented by X.sub.II and Z.sub.II, respectively.

Provided are: an organic electronic material which can be easily multilayered and that can be used in substrates, such as resin, that cannot be processed at high temperatures; an ink composition containing the same; an organic thin film formed using said organic electronic material or said ink composition; and an organic electronic element and an organic EL element that are formed using said organic thin film and that have a superior luminous efficacy and emission lifespan than conventional elements. Specifically, provided are: an organic electronic material that is characterized by containing an oligomer or a polymer having a structure that branches into three or more directions and has at least one polymerizable substituent; an ink composition containing said organic electronic material; and an organic thin film prepared using the aforementioned organic electronic material. Further, provided are an organic electronic element and an organic electroluminescent element containing said organic thin film.

A lithium metal secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a protective layer interposed between the negative electrode and the separator. The protective layer includes an additive, wherein the additive comprises a mixture of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) flakes with an ionomer having a sulfur (S)-containing anionic group and fluorine (F).

Polypyrrole polymers functionalized with thioanions and methods for their use in metal capture applications are provided. Also provided are methods for making the polypyrroles using anion exchange techniques. The thioanion-functionalized polypyrroles have a conjugated, positively charged backbone of pyrrole units that is charge-balanced with associated thioanions.

A composition of matter including a crosslinked bottlebrush polymer, wherein the crosslinker units in the composition of matter are soluble with the bottlebrush polymer. In one example, the crosslinked bottlebrush polymer is tailored as a single phase (solvent free) elastomer useful in a capacitive pressure sensing device. A novel embodiment of the present invention further includes demonstration of a universal approach to form solvent-free bottlebrush polymer networks by photo-crosslinking mixtures of well-defined bottlebrush precursors and bis-benzophenone-based additives. This method has been proven effective with a wide variety of different side-chain chemistries.

Provided are: an organic electronic material which can be easily multilayered and that can be used in substrates, such as resin, that cannot be processed at high temperatures; an ink composition containing the same; an organic thin film formed using said organic electronic material or said ink composition; and an organic electronic element and an organic EL element that are formed using said organic thin film and that have a superior luminous efficacy and emission lifespan than conventional elements. Specifically, provided are: an organic electronic material that is characterized by containing an oligomer or a polymer having a structure that branches into three or more directions and has at least one polymerizable substituent; an ink composition containing said organic electronic material; and an organic thin film prepared using the aforementioned organic electronic material. Further, provided are an organic electronic element and an organic electroluminescent element containing said organic thin film.

The present invention provides a method of preparing a polyaryletherketone copolymer (e.g. a random or block copolymer), said method comprising: polymerizing (i) a monomer system suitable for forming aryletherketone units and (ii) a comonomer in a reaction medium comprising: (a) a Lewis acid and (b) a controlling agent comprising an aromatic carboxylic acid, an aromatic sulphonic acid, or a derivative thereof; and polymers produced therefrom.

1) Hydrocarbon-based copolymer comprising two end groups preceded by an ester function and chosen from a 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl (or cyclocarbonate), a dithiocyclocarbonate, an exo-vinylene cyclocarbonate and a 2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl, the main chain of which comprises units (I) and (II)

##STR00001##

in which R.sup.0 is notably a methyl radical;

and the number-average molecular mass Mn of which is between 400 and 100 000 g/mol.

2) Process for preparing said copolymer, comprising:

(i) a step of heating a statistical bipolymer A chosen from a poly(butadiene-isoprene), a poly(butadiene-myrcene) and a poly(butadiene-farnesene); and then

(ii) a step of heating the product formed, in the presence of a chain-transfer agent.

3) Use as adhesive, as a mixture with an amine compound comprising at least two amine groups.